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Chemistry YEAR 8 > Atmosphere & Oxygen > Flashcards

Atmosphere & Oxygen Flashcards

1
Q

Gases in the early atmosphere

A

Water vapour, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, other gases

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2
Q

What the atmosphere like 4.5 Billion years ago?

A

Mostly water vapour because of lots of volcanic activity (very hot)

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3
Q

What the atmosphere like 4 billion years ago?

A

Mostly carbon dioxide with water cooling down forming the oceans

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4
Q

What the atmosphere like 2.5 Billion years ago?

A

Increased in oxygen and decreased in carbon dioxide because of the evolution of bacteria and algae

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5
Q

What the atmosphere like 200 million years ago?

A

The atmosphere was mostly nitrogen and oxygen and
The atmosphere had stabilised because of respiration in animals and plants

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6
Q

What is the atmosphere like currently?

A

The atmosphere has stayed the same and there has not been any change

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7
Q

What is the composition of the current gases in the air?

A

Nitrogen - 78%
Oxygen - 21%
Argon - 0.9%
Carbon Dioxide - 0.04%

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8
Q

What is fractional distillation?

A

The method used to separate air

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9
Q

Steps of fractional distillation.

A
  1. Cool air down to -200°C
    (Carbon dioxide is solid at -200°C, so it can be easily removed)
  2. Pass the liquid air into a fractionating column - cooler at the top and warmer at the bottom
    -190°C at the top and -185°C at the bottom

(Nitrogen has a boiling point of -196°C so it turns from liquid to gas rises up the column and is collected at the top)
(Oxygen has the boiling point of -183°C, so it stays as the liquid at the bottom of the column and can be collected there)

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10
Q

What are the 3 components of the fire triangle?

A

Oxygen, heat and fuel

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11
Q

How do you put out a fire?

A

By removing one, or more of the components of the fire triangle to reach the fire

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12
Q

What is combustion?

A

Burning in oxygen (releases heat energy)

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13
Q

What is oxidisation?

A

Reaction with oxygen, where an element gains some oxygen

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14
Q

What is incomplete combustion?

A

Burning in a limited supply of oxygen

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15
Q

What is the test for carbon dioxide?

A

Limewater turns cloudy

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16
Q

What is the test for water?

A

Blue cobalt chloride paper turnspink

17
Q

What is the symbol equation for complete combustion?

A

Chemical + O2 —> CO2 + H2O

18
Q

What is the symbol equation for incomplete combustion?

A

Element + O2 —> CO + H2O

19
Q

Products of complete combustion.

A

CO2 + H20

20
Q

Products of incomplete combustion.

A

CO + H2O

21
Q

What does the reaction with air and copper tell you about the amount of oxygen?

A

As the syringes pass the air over the copper in the heated tube it draws in the oxygen and reduces the amount of air in the tube by 21% roughly, as in the air there is 21% of oxygen

22
Q

What type of reaction does copper and oxygen have?

A

Oxidisation reaction

23
Q

What does the reaction with air and phosphorus tell you about the amount of oxygen?

A

As the phosphorus sits in the evaporating basin the air in the bell jar draws in the oxygen and reduces the amount of air in the by 21% roughly, and the water rises by about 21% as in the air there is 21% of oxygen

24
Q

Properties of non-metal oxides.

A

Acidic + gases

25
Q

Properties of metal oxides.

A

Alkaline + solids

26
Q

What type of reaction does phosphorus and oxygen have?

A

Oxidation reaction

27
Q

Properties and uses of nitrogen

A

Property - important plant nutrient
Use - to make fertilisers

28
Q

Properties and uses of oxygen

A

Property - reactant in respiration
Use - life support and other medical uses

29
Q

Properties and uses of carbon dioxide

A

Property - starves fire of oxygen
Use - fire extinguishers

30
Q

Properties and uses of helium

A

Property - less dense than air
Use - to fill balloons

31
Q

Properties and uses of neon

A

Property - glows
Use - advertising signs

32
Q

Properties and uses of argon

A

Property - inert (unreactive)
Use - lightbulbs

33
Q

Properties and uses of krypton

A

Property - energy saving
Use - lighting

Chemistry YEAR 8 (3 decks)

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