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Gas free engineering > Atmosphere control/gas free engineering > Flashcards

Atmosphere control/gas free engineering Flashcards

1
Q

Purpose of the Submarine atmosphere control program

A

Close as practicable to a normal atmosphere

Accomplished by:
proper atmosphere monitoring
proper equipment operating procedures
control of materials introduced into the submarine

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2
Q

Common terms

gas

toxic

asphyxiant

A

Gas: Material whose boiling point is below room temp. Take shape of their enclosure

Toxic: gas which is poisonous to human body

Asphyxiant: affects the absorption of O2 by hemoglobin in the blood stream thereby causing o2 starvation

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3
Q

terms

Aerosols

particulates

A

Aerosols and particulates: small finely divided solid or liquid particles:
Dust
Fumes
Smoke
Mists

either remain suspended or settle to surface

substantial amount from cooking and lube oil

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4
Q

terms

volatile material

Hydrocarbons

Aliphatics

Aromatics

A

Volatile material- evaporates or vaporizes quickly

Hydrocarbons- Compounds containing carbon and hydrogen combined by a carbon-hydrogen compound

Aliphatics: Hydrocarbon with single carbon-carbon bonds

Aromatics: Compounds containing a bezene ring which is more toxic and more difficult to burn than aliphatics

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5
Q

Units of measurement

Partial Pressure

A

Each gas in a mixture of gases makes its own contribution to the total pressure of the mixture, each separately is partial pressure, total is the totl pressure

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6
Q

Dalton’s Law

A

PT= pp1 + pp2 + pp(n)

PP/PT x 100 volume concentration

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7
Q

TORR

A

unit of pressure equaling the weight of a column of mercury having the height of 1mm (760 TORR = 1 ATM)

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8
Q

Conversion for Volume % and TORR

A

TORR= (PT/100) x volume

Volume %= (TORR/PT) x 100

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9
Q

Atmosphere control system

A

Maintain air in the submerged submarine as close as practicable to the composition of clean air found in the earth’s atmosphere

reports to CO

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10
Q

Instrumental methods of analysis

A

Infrared spectrophotometry
mass spectrometry
colorimetric detection (detector tubes)
photoionization

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11
Q

Atmosphere monitoring equipment

A

CAMS
Trace Gas Analyzer (TGA)
Portable Oxygen Analyzer
Colorimetric Detector Tubes (Draegers)

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12
Q

CAMS-

A

Central Atmosphere monitoring system

primary

routine monitoring schedule- 3 spaces
Always fan room must be one
Reactor Compartment sampled prior to entry
Hourly underway
Daily in port

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13
Q

Characteristics of gases found in submarine atmosphere

A

Greater Variability in O2

Wide Range of organic and inorganic contaminants aerosols gases, and vapors

Inherent toxicity of various substances

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14
Q

composition of clean dry air

A

Nitrogen 78.09 TORR 593

O2 20.95 TORR 159

Argon 0.93 TORR 7

CO2 0.03 TORR 1

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15
Q

Factors determining effects of toxic substances on human body

A

Length of exposure

Concentration

Chemical Considerations such as solubility in body fluids and tissue proliferation

type of gas or toxic medium

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16
Q

Corrective measures for abnormal atmosphere conditions

A

Exposure limits: tables 3-5 and 3-6 of the ATM manual. based on 90 day exposure

Established for healthy adult personnel population under medical surveillance

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17
Q

90 day exposure limit

A

Represents an average value for continuous exposure which may be temporarily exceeded

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18
Q

24 hr exposure limits

A

represent values used in the event of the release of a large amount of a single contaminant such as from a spill

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19
Q

1 hr exposure limit

A

Applied to possible accidental situation which are rare single events in the lifetime of an individual, and are not to be exceeded.

20
Q

Replenish O2

A

Ventilation- at least one hour weekly

Electrolytic O2 generator (EOG)
Stored in air banks

Oxygen Candles (Chlorate Candles)
produce chlorine, carbon monoxide and water vapor

21
Q

Lithium Hydroxide Canisters

A

Removes CO2

Backup to scrubbers

22
Q

Removing gases while submerged

A

Ventilation system: recirculation and surface ventilation

Red-Devil Blower

scrubbers and burners:
CO2 - Scrubber
CO-H2 burner

23
Q

atmosphere monitoring requirements during evolution and casualties

A

Fire

High CAMS readings

Refrigerant handling

24
Q

Requirements for monitoring atmosphere when fixed monitors are out of commission

A

Draeger tubes

Supplement atmosphere oxygen

decrease carbon dioxide release

25
Q

Carbon Monoxide

A

Lighter than air
Asphyxiate - affinity to hemoglobin is 210 x of O2
Effects:
Headaches
Dizziness
Nausea
Collapse
Death

26
Q

Hydrogen Sulfide

A

Heavier than Air
- <200ppm rotten eggs
>200ppm no smell
Toxic level is 300ppm

Effects:
Nausea
Dizziness
Belching
Slight Gastric Distress

27
Q

Hydrogen

A

Colorless, odorless gas which is essentially nontoxic

highly flammable, explosive

Generated onboard ship when battery is charging

Ships with electrolytic generator may have 1% hydrogen in atmosphere

28
Q

Trace Contaminants

A

Brought onboard

Heath effects vary:
Trace contaminant survey- completed 24 hours of sealing ship
then every 7 days
weekly spot checks in risk areas
or at CO/XO request

29
Q

Refrigerants

A

Halocarbons
R-12 and R-114 (Predominant on Subs)
Heavier than Air
- Concentrate in bilges

Health Effects:
Asphyxiation
Heartbeat irregularities
Arrythmia

30
Q

Different trace contaminants

Hydrogen chloride

hydrogen fluoride

benzene

chlorine

A

Hydrogen chloride-<air/irritant/toxic
Lung and skin
Pulmanary edema

Hydrogen Fluoride <air/irritant/toxic
corrosive to skin
congestion of lungs, circulatory collapse

Benzene <air
Colorless, aromatic added to fuels
targets blood forming organs

Chlorine <air
used water purification
irritant to eyes, skin, and mucous membranes
reacts violently with hydrogen

31
Q

Trace contaminants continued

Freon

Diesel Fuel

Methane

Sulfur Dioxide

A

Freons <Air/Asphyxiate

Diesel Fuel <Air/toxic
toxic to blood forming organs, skin irritant

methane >air
sanitary tanks

Sulfur Dioxide <air/toxic
respiratory tract causing edema

Hydrocyanic acid >air/asphyxiate
bitter almonds
explosive

32
Q

Hydrocarbons

two groups

A

Aromatics- acute and chronic toxicity after initial exposure

Aliphatic: Otto fuel II

33
Q

Painting

A

Per NAVSHIPS technical Manual

No painting while submerge

Organic solvent paint 5 days before underway one quart

Paint permitted after last dive

Use water-based paint when large areas

34
Q

OZONE

A

Emanates from electrical equipment

sulfur like smell at 1.0 ppm

can cause bronchial spasms

35
Q

Otto Fuel spills

A

Lethal quantities of CO, CO2, NO2, and HCN in seconds

Explosive quantities of hydrogen and carbon monoxide

36
Q

Otto fuel health effects

A

Headache, throbbing headache

yellowish discoloration of skin, eye irritation w/o conjunctivitis

Ingestion of Otto Fuel II, n/v/d tachycardia, death

37
Q

Otto Fuel Medical Treatment

A

Decon- shower

Fresh air

Coffee and Tylenol

38
Q

Material Management control program

A

CO appoints commissioned officer as HM/HW

XO- grants permission to use or bring on board prohibited items

Written permission to use prohibited items underway

Storage

review material control log prior to each underway

39
Q

HM/HW Coordinator

A

Maintain log

Ensure all HM brought on board are listed in appendix A and affix an atmosphere contaminate

Investigate all items suspected of being atmosphere contamination

Consumables and repair parts received are inspected for presence of toxic materials

Report item found to be prohibited restricted and limited

In port material are removed prior to underway

Proper stowage

40
Q

Atmosphere contaminant log

A

HM coordinator maintains

report in SHIMS

3 sections

Prohibited
restricted
limited

41
Q

Responsibility to review

A

DCA- in port weekly, monthly underway

Engineer officer or dept head, Monthly

XO: Prior to each underway

Sign, date, title, and date

42
Q

Inventory

A

Every 6 months or prior to change of command

Reviewed by IDC, Safety Officer, DCA, and XO

43
Q

Retainment of log

A

Printed log sheets retained current plus previous twelve months

44
Q

Contaminant Tag

A

Used to identify atmosphere contaminants assigned a restricted

information on each item:
identity
assigned usage category
proper stowage

Tags= SHIMS

45
Q

Codes

A

Prohibited (X)

Restricted (R)

Limited (L)

Permitted (N)

Gas free engineering (1 decks)

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