Atmosphere/ Climate change

Question 1

Give gas composition

Answer 1

nitrogen 78%
oxygen 21%
other gasses 1%

Question 2

define climate

Answer 2

weather conditions prevalent in certain region over a period

Question 3

5 greenhouse gasses

Answer 3

CFC
nitrous oxide
O3
CH4
CO2

Question 4

define methane

Answer 4

colorless odorless greenhouse gas usually released from decomposed organic matter

Question 5

explain greenhouse effect

Answer 5

natural warming of atmosphere
short UV rays come from sun and are absorbed by ground heating it or reflected back into atmosphere as long infrared where it is lost in space or trapped by layer of greenhouse gasses to create warm habitable earth and protect from UV rays

Question 6

explain enhanced greenhouse effect

Answer 6

more gasses released in atmosphere, greater effect, more warm- higher temp- global warming

Question 7

sources of CO2 emissions (4)

Answer 7

burning fossil fuels
cellular respiration
decomposed organic matter
reduced carbon sinks

Question 8

sources of methane emissions (4)

Answer 8

cattle
farming
decomposed organic matter
leakage from earth( fracking)

Question 9

define carbon footprint and how to reduce (4)

Answer 9

total amount of co2 released by individual or group over a period of time from activities
reduce: public transport, air-transport, energy save, recycle

Question 10

define deforestation and explain the cause and 5 effects

Answer 10

permanent destruction of natural forests to clear space for other purposes
- soil erodes
-biodiversity
- water cycle disrupted
- climate change
-floods

Question 11

afforestation vs reforestation

Answer 11

af- destruction and replant one type exotic which results in loss of diversity and more water loss
re- replant forests

Question 12

explain the 5 effects of global warming

Answer 12

melting ice caps to rise sea levels and disturb ecosystems
extreme weather such as floods, droughts and cyclones
diseases
food/water shortage
loss of biodiversity

Question 13

define desertification

Answer 13

process whereby a semi arid/ arid land is transformed into desert

Question 14

causes and effects of desertification?

Answer 14

climate change- low rainfall and high temps
human impact- deforestation and poor farming management

loss vegetation
loss biodiversity
less food produced
poverty( no jobs for farming)

Question 15

define ozone depletion and give the 4 effects

Answer 15

manufactured chemicals ODS (aerosols and fridges) which is stable but is broken down by UV and then bonds with O3 which breaks zone breaking ozone layer
effects:
-damage human life- sunburn and cancer
-damage marine life- hot water kills plankton
- damage materials in construction
- damage agriculture and crops