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meteorology > Atmosphere > Flashcards

Atmosphere Flashcards

1
Q

What is an Atmosphere?

A

An Atmosphere is an envelope of homogenous mixtures of gasses called Air.
The atmosphere is surrounded by the earth and is attached due to the earths gravity.

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2
Q

How fast does the atmosphere move?

A

The Atmosphere moves with the earth in the same speed and direction.

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3
Q

How thick is the earths Atmosphere?

A

480 Km Thick, but 80% is within 16 Km from the earths surface

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4
Q

Why is the exact height of the earths atmosphere?

A

There is no Exact height, but it just gets thinner and thinner and then merges with outer space.

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5
Q

State 5 characteristics of the Atmosphere.

A
  1. It has weight and exerts pressure.
  2. It is compressible and expandable.
  3. It occupies shape and has no definite shape.
  4. It is mobile, hence there is a transfer of heat and moisture.
  5. It is a Poor Conductor of heat and Electricity.
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6
Q

Constituent of Nitrogen in the Atmosphere.

A

78.05%

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7
Q

Constituent of Oxygen in the Atmosphere.

A

20.95%

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8
Q

Constituent of Argon in the Atmosphere.

A

0.93%

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9
Q

Constituent of Carbon Dioxide in the Atmosphere.

A

0.035%

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10
Q

How much does Nitrogen and Oxygen constitute in the earths atmosphere?

A

99%

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11
Q

Ratio of Nitrogen : Oxygen by Volume

A

4 : 3

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12
Q

Ratio of Nitrogen : Oxygen by Weight

A

3 : 1

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13
Q

Above which level above MSL is Oxygen required?

A

10,000 Ft as there is rapid reduction of gasses.

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14
Q

Till what height does the earth have similar composition throughout.

A

80 Km (Except Ozone, which falls below 80 Km)

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15
Q

What is the name of the atmospheric zone upto 80 KM.

A

Homosphere

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16
Q

What is the name of the atmospheric zone after 80 KM.

A

Hetrosphere

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17
Q

Which places would have the most amount of variable gasses?

A

Industrial areas, Cities and Waterbodies.

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18
Q

Explain Green House Effect.

A

WV, Methane, O3 and some other gasses are transparent to Solar Radiation (Short Wave) but partially absorb Terrestrial Radiation (Long Wave) and then Re-Radiate them.
Excessive amounts of these gasses promote global warming.
This phenomenon causes heat and hence Greenhouse Effect.

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19
Q

What are the 3 States that water can exist in the atmosphere.

A
  1. Solid State (Snow, Ice and Hail)
  2. Liquid (Drizzle, Rain and Shower)
  3. Gas (Water Vapour)
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20
Q

Where can air hold as much as 4% Water Vapour by volume?

A

In the Tropics.
(23 1/2 North to 23 1/2 South)

20
Q

Give 3 properties of Water Vapour.

A
  1. The concentration of Water Vapour rapidly decrees with height.
  2. The Water Vapour of air largely depends on the temperature. (Warm Air can hold greater amounts of Water vapour)
21
Q

Where is Water Vapour Negligible?

A

Water Vapour is almost negligible at the poles and above 30,000 Ft. Due to the Low Temperatures.

22
Q

Air with 4% Water Vapour is called……

A

Saturated Air and has 100% Relative Humidity

23
Q

Air when Relative Humidity (RH) is lesser than 100% is called………….

A

Unsaturated and Dry Air

24
Q

Where is Carbon Dioxide found the most?

A

Industrial Areas and Cities.
Large amounts of CO2 are Dissolved in the ocean.

25
Q

Where is Ozone found?

A

Ozone is found on the upper part of the atmosphere. (10 to 50 KM).
A considerable amount of Ozone is found Between 20 Km to 25 Km.

25
Q

How are Ozone Holes formed?

A

Due to Atmospheric pollution and excessive use of Halocarbon Refrigerants, solvents and Chlorofluoro Carbons.
Thinning of Ozone layers mainly over the polar region and other latitudes.

26
Q

Vertical distribution of Air Mass: Below 6KM

A

1/2

27
Q

Vertical distribution of Air Mass: Below 35 Km

A

99%

28
Q

Vertical distribution of Air Mass: Below 10 Km

A

3/4

29
Q

The earth heats up the earths atmosphere by……

A

Conduction, Convection, Radiation and Releasing of Patient heat by condensation of Water Vapour.

30
Q

The atmosphere is heated form below or above?

A

Below

31
Q

Where is the Lower Troposphere Located?

A

Surface to 2.1 Km

31
Q

The flow of heat form the earths surface is due to………

A

Sensible Heat (Conduction, Convection, Radiation) - 23%
Patient Heat (Evaporation, Condensation, Sublimation) - 77%

32
Q

Where is the Troposphere Located?

A

Over The Equator: From the Earths surface to 16 - 18 Km.
Over the Poles: From the Earths surface to 8 - 10 Km.

33
Q

Where is the Middle Troposphere Located?

A

2.1 Km to 7.6 Km

34
Q

Where is the Upper Troposphere Located?

A

7.6 Km to Tropopause

35
Q

Where is the Tropopause Located?

A

The Tropopause is located between the Troposphere and the Stratosphere.

36
Q

Where is the Tropical Tropopause Located?

A
37
Q

Where is the Polar Tropopause Located?

A
38
Q

Where is the Middle Tropopause Located?

A
39
Q

What is the maximum region clouds may reach?

A

Tropopause

40
Q

What occurs in the Tropopause?

A

Jet-streams, Maximum Wind Speeds and Clear Air Turbulence (CAT)

41
Q

Where is the Stratosphere located?

A

From the Tropopause to 50 Km above the Earths Surface.

42
Q

Where is the Stratopause Located?

A

Upper Boundary of the Stratosphere

43
Q
A
44
Q
A
45
Q
A

meteorology (2 decks)

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