Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

early atmosphere > atmosphere > Flashcards

atmosphere Flashcards

1
Q

what is the percentage of nitrogen today

A

78%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the percentage of oxygen today

A

21%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the other gasses in the earth today

A

small proportions of carbon dioxide 0.04, water vapour changes depending on temperature variable and Noble gasses e.g argon ,methane 0.0002

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how long have these stayed constant for

A

about 200 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what do scientists believe happened at the start

A

intense volcanic activity, releasing gasses forming the atmosphere.One of those are water vapour.As earth cooled, the water vapour cooled to form oceans.Volcanoes released huge amounts of co2,and like nitrogen which gradually built up in the atmosphere.Also release small amounts of methane and ammonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What was most of the early stage made out of

A

mainly carbon dioxide, with little or no oxygen.Little nitrogenAtmosphere then was like mars or Venus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happened when water vapour condensed to form the oceans?

A

Some carbon dioxide dissolved in the oceans to form a weak acid, this acid reacted with minerals in the sea to form precipitates.Overtime formed sediments of carbonate rock on the sea bed.
some carbon dioxide used to make shells and corals
When these dies, the rock limestone was formed, removing carbon dioxide from atmosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where did oxygen come from?

A

Photosynthetic algae first evolved in oceans.This produced oxygen ,which entered the atmosphere. Over the billion years plants evolved.Increasing oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does photosynthesis do

A

6C02+6H20+C6H1206+6O2

Taking in carbon dioxide, releasing oxygen.Carbon can be trapped in fossil fuels,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Whats the greenhouse affect

A

energy from sun, travels to earth as short wavelength radiation e.g ultraviolet and visible light.Some short wave length reflects back into space, but most of it goes through the atmosphere.
Because short wavelength does not react strongly with gas molecules in atmosphere
Energy from radiation now absorbed into atmosphere when it reaches surface of earth
Surface of earth radiated energy as long wavelength radiation such as infra red.Some long wavelength reacts with greenhouse gas molecules in atmosphere.Absorbed
Because this energy trapped in atmosphere, it causes temp to increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Whats good about the green house affect

A

It keeps the earth at the right temperature to live on ,without the gh affect, most living organisms would not survive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is carbon dioxide increasing in todays atmosphere

A

Burning of fossil fuels
Burn coal for electricity
Fuel for power of cars
Gas to heat our homes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hows co2 absorbed, but whats happened

A

By growing trees,However rainforests are having deforestation releasing carbon dioxide as they are being burned.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hows methane released

A

Agriculture

When cows pass wind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does climate change Affect

3 examples

A

Melting of polar ice and glaciers

  • Increased sea levels
  • Flooding in low lying areas

More severe weather-storms

Change the distribution of animals e.g insects or insect borne diseases e.g malaria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What process do scientists do

A

peer review, to avoid scientists being bias and making false claims due to poor evidence

17
Q

Whats the problem with our understanding of climate change?

A

Complex and difficult to model
See stories about climate change on the media that are simplified of simply biased
Speculation,based on only parts of evidence-scientists must work harder to communicate the ideas of climate change to the general public
Also uncertainty, it cannot be predicted how much the temp of atmosphere will increase

18
Q

Definiton of a fuel

A

fuels release energy when combusted.Such as coal(used for electricity) or hydrocarbon (used to power cars)

19
Q

What happens when fuels are burned

A

react with oxygen, become oxidised

20
Q

Whats complete combustion

A

when carbon dioxides formed, for this to happen plenty of oxygens needed

21
Q

What happens if oxygens reduced

A

carbon monoxides formed.Very dangerous toxic gas, no colour no smell.

22
Q

What does coal have in it

A

sulfur,when coals burned culture oxidises

23
Q

where are oxides of oxygen produced

A

inside engines

24
Q

why does suffer dioxide and oxides do

A

cause breathing problems in humans,dissolve in rainwater to form acid rain-can damage trees and corrode buildings made from limestone.

25
Q

What do particles of carbon(soot) do

A

unburned hydrocarbons.PARTICULATES
can damage human health, increase risk of Heart and lung disease
reduce amount of energy from sun, global dimming

26
Q

what are short chain hydrocarbons

what happens as they get larger

A

highly flammable and low boiling points
As these get larger, they become less flammable and boiling point increases.Also longer chain hydrocarbons have a higher viscosity .Flow more slowly.

27
Q

how do hydrocarbons use fuels

A

hydrocarbon fuels release energy when combusted.Carbon and hydrogen react with oxygen.If unlimited co2 +water-complete combustion

28
Q

Combustion of methane

A

cH4+02-2C02+2H20

29
Q

whats the general formula of an alkane

A

CnH2+2

30
Q

why are alkanes called saturated molecules?

A

because the carbon atoms are fully bonded to hydrogen atoms

31
Q

what is viscosity

A

tells us the thickness of a fluid.Fluids with a high viscosity flow slowly

32
Q

where does crude oil come from

A

dead organisms from million years ago, from the bottom of the ocean.Plankton.If oxygens not present they do not decompose

33
Q

how is coal formed

A

from the remains of ferns and trees.High temp and pressure creates coal.If oxygens not present they dot decompose

34
Q

how is gas formed

A

mainly methane.Gas is formed from plankton similar to oil

35
Q

what do all fossil fuels contain

A

trapped carbon.That carbon was part of the carbon dioxide taken in for photosynthesis

36
Q

does gold easily react

A

no

37
Q

iron oxide and copper oxide, are they reactive

A

yes, found in earths crust .In these compounds the metals have reacted with oxygen.A more reactive element will displace a less reactive element in its compound

38
Q

Carbon Footprint

A

amount of carbon dioxide released into an atmosphere

early atmosphere (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions