atmosphere

Question 1

troposphere

Answer 1

temp reduce
pressure reduce
wind increase

Question 2

stratosphere

Answer 2

pressure reduce
wind increase
temp increase
-ozone layer

Question 3

mesosphere

Answer 3

temp reduce

wind increase

Question 4

thermosphere

Answer 4

temp increase

Question 5

solar radiation

Answer 5

generated by nuclear fusion- high temp+pressure causes 2 hydrogen atoms to fuse into helium atom and create radiation

Question 6

infra-red radiation

Answer 6

wavelength longer than visible light, warms planet

Question 7

ultra-violet light

Answer 7

UV breaks chemical bonds and cause sunburn, some absorbed by ozone

Question 8

greenhouse gas

Answer 8

natural source now exceed amount that can be absorbed in natural sink

Question 9

carbon dioxide

Answer 9

50-200years

sink=ocean, photosynthesis

Question 10

methane

Answer 10

12years

source: cow, gas leaks
sink: stratosphere

Question 11

nitrogen oxides

Answer 11

114 years

source: engines, power stations
sink: acid rain

Question 12

CFC

Answer 12

45 years

source: aerosols, fire extinguishers
sink: none

Question 13

Tropospheric ozone

Answer 13

Variable
Source: breakdown of NO2
Sink: photodissociation

Question 14

effect of climate change on precipitation

Answer 14

high temp=high evaporation= high rain; diff types of precipitation

Question 15

effects of climate change on sea level

Answer 15

thermal expansion= high water temp means expansion
low pressure= less air pressure means water rises
increase in liquid water= melted land ice

Question 16

effects of climate change on ocean patterns

Answer 16

distribute heat to places need, could be changed by climate change

Question 17

effects of climate change on wind

Answer 17

velocity= more storms and extreme weather
frequency= harder to forecast
distribution= now in more north+south areas

Question 18

thermohaline circulation

Answer 18

air and water movements have effects on climate and ocean productivity. climate change can change these movements causing impacts

Question 19

north atlantic conveyor

Answer 19

process of thermohaline circulation. warm water moving from tropical atlantic ocean to NW europe. process that drives this= friction with prevailing winds and surface water pushes water; water sinks as it cools and becomes denser drawing water in to replace it

Question 20

effect of climate change on north atlantic conveyor

Answer 20

higher temp causes land ice to melt into sea. dilutes sea water so salt conc reduces. water less dense to floats easier and reduced flow of water in so sea stays cold

Question 21

enso: normal

Answer 21

trade winds in pacific drive warm water west where it’s hot and humid allowing cold water to move to east where it’s dry and hot

Question 22

enso: el niño

Answer 22

every 3-7 years trade winds weaken. warm water stays in east, heats air and leads to rain in dry area. and over west there will be dry weather

Question 23

enso: la niña

Answer 23

follows after el niño. last months to years. weather more intense version of normal. causes droughts and flooding.

Question 24

effect of climate change on snow

Answer 24

temp up= snow melts= reduced albedo effect so less reflected

Question 25

effect of climate change on glaciers

Answer 25

temp up= glacier melt at higher altitudes and more thinning. effects albedo

Question 26

effect of climate change on ice shelves

Answer 26

breaks into icebergs so sea levels rise and glacier speeds up

Question 27

effects of climate change on sea ice

Answer 27

ice melts so reduces albedo effect

Question 28

ice field

Answer 28

interconnected series of ice caps and glaciers