Atmomic And Nuclear Flashcards
What’s an elections charge, mass compared to neutron and position in atom
Charge= -1
Mass compared to neutron =1/1840
Position in atom= orbiting shell
What’s a protons charge, mass compared to neutron and position in atom
Charge=+1
Mass=1/ is =
Position= nucleus
What’s a neutrons charge and position in atom
Charge=0 (neutral)
Position = nucleus
What’s the equation to find the mass of a proton
1.67*10^-27 kg
What is hydrogen made up of
1 proton
What’s helium made up of
2 protons and 2 neutrons
What’s lithium made up of
3 protons and 4 Neutrons
What do the letters mean in A
X
Z
A= atomic mass (number of protons+neutrons)
X= the chemical symbol eg H for hydrogen
Z=atomic number/ number of protons
What’s an isotope
Different versions of the same particle - Same P diff number of N
Isotopes of an element have all the same ———— ———-
Chemical properties
What’s an alpha particle
Identical to a helium nucleus- has 2 p and 2n
What’s a beta particle
Very fast electron
0
B= e
-1
What’s gamma radiation
Electro magnetic waves - very penetrating stopped by centimetres of lead
What is alpha radiation
Not very penetrating - stopped by 2-3 cm of air or paper
What is beta radiation
Penetrating- stoped by meters of air or millimetres of aluminium
What’s an isotopes chemical symbol
Y
What’s the equation for alpha decay
Looses 2 protons and 2 neutrons
A A-4
X = Y + helium
Z Z-2
What’s the formula for beta decay
Neutron turns into a proton and electron
A. A
X= Y + beta particle
Z. Z-1
What’s the equation for gamma radiation
Just add a y
What’s ionisation
When atoms gain or loose an electron forming an ion
What is background radiation
Detected when no radio active substances are present- very low radiation
Source of background radiation
Randon gas- found in rocks
What is a half life
Time it takes the original nuclei to decay (for the radio active count to half)
How do you calculate a half life
N(number of half life’s)=
Number of half life’s in beginning/2* number of times a half life happen
What is meant by fission
Splitting of large nuclei (by absorbing a neutron) into 2 daughter nuclei + some release of neutrons
What is meant by the term fussion
Joining of 2 small nuclei into a singular nucleus (achieved by acceleration into eachother and release of energy)
