Atlas A: General Orientation to Human Anatomy

Question 1

Anatomical Position

Answer 1

The feet are flat on the floor and close together, the arms are held downward and supinated (palms forward), and the face is directed forward; this position is used as a reference point for directional terminology for anatomy.

Question 2

Ventral Body Cavity contains:

Answer 2

1 thoracic cavity (includes 2 plural cavities [lungs]; 1 pericardial cavity [heart]; and 1 mediastinum [ contains the pericardial cavity])
1 abdomino-pelvic cavity, (includes abdominal and pelvic organs)
diaphragm: separates the thoracic and abdomen-pelvic cavities.

Question 3

Dorsal Body Cavity contains:

Answer 3

1 cranial cavity (brain)

1 vertebral cavity (spinal cord)

Question 4

Name the 4 body regions:

Answer 4

1. head
2. trunk- thorax; abdomen (upper – right hypochondriac region, epigastric region, and left hypochondriac region; middle – right lumbar region, umbilical region, and left lumbar region; lower – right iliac region, hypogastric region, and left iliac region)
3. pelvis
4. limbs

Question 5

Sagittal:

Answer 5

divides body into right and left sides

Question 6

Mid-sagittal (median):

Answer 6

divides the body into equal right and left sides

Question 7

Transverse (horizontal):

Answer 7

divides the body into superior and inferior parts

Question 8

Frontal (coronal):

Answer 8

divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

Question 9

Auscultation:

Answer 9

listening to the natural sounds made by the body

Question 10

Percussion:

Answer 10

the tapping on the body to feel for signs of abnormal resistance and to listen for emitted sounds

Question 11

Palpation:

Answer 11

feeling a structure with the hands; deep touch

Question 12

Anterior Body Landmarks:

Abdominal

Answer 12

anterior body trunk region inferior to the ribs

Question 13

Anterior Body Landmarks:

Acromial

Answer 13

the point of the shoulder

Question 14

Anterior Body Landmarks:

antebrachial

Answer 14

the forearm

Question 15

Anterior Body Landmarks:

antecubital

Answer 15

the anterior surface of the elbow

Question 16

Anterior Body Landmarks:

axillary

Answer 16

the armpit

Question 17

Anterior Body Landmarks:

brachial

Answer 17

the upper arm

Question 18

Anterior Body Landmarks:

buccal

Answer 18

the cheek

Question 19

Anterior Body Landmarks:

carpal

Answer 19

the wrist

Question 20

Anterior Body Landmarks:

cervical

Answer 20

the neck region

Question 21

Anterior Body Landmarks:

coxal

Answer 21

the hip

Question 22

Anterior Body Landmarks:

crural

Answer 22

the leg

Question 23

Anterior Body Landmarks:

cubital

Answer 23

anterior elbow

Question 24

Anterior Body Landmarks:

digital

Answer 24

fingers or toes

Question 25

Anterior Body Landmarks: | fermoral

Answer 25

thigh

Question 26

Anterior Body Landmarks: | fibular (peroneal)

Answer 26

the side of the leg

Question 27

Anterior Body Landmarks: | frontal

Answer 27

forehead

Question 28

Anterior Body Landmarks: | hallux

Answer 28

the great toe

Question 29

Anterior Body Landmarks: | inguinal

Answer 29

the groin

Question 30

Anterior Body Landmarks: | mammary

Answer 30

breast

Question 31

Anterior Body Landmarks: | mental

Answer 31

chin

Question 32

Anterior Body Landmarks: | nasal

Answer 32

nose

Question 33

Anterior Body Landmarks: | oral

Answer 33

mouth

Question 34

Anterior Body Landmarks: | orbital

Answer 34

the bony eye socket (orbit)

Question 35

Anterior Body Landmarks: | palmar

Answer 35

the palm of the hand

Question 36

Anterior Body Landmarks: | patellar

Answer 36

the anterior knee (kneecap)

Question 37

Anterior Body Landmarks: | pedal

Answer 37

foot

Question 38

Anterior Body Landmarks: | pelvic

Answer 38

pelvis region

Question 39

Anterior Body Landmarks: | pollex

Answer 39

thumb

Question 40

Anterior Body Landmarks: | pubic

Answer 40

genital region

Question 41

Anterior Body Landmarks: | sternal

Answer 41

the breastbone region

Question 42

Anterior Body Landmarks: | tarsal

Answer 42

the ankle

Question 43

Anterior Body Landmarks: | thoracic

Answer 43

chest

Question 44

Anterior Body Landmarks: | umbilical

Answer 44

navel

Question 45

Posterior Body Landmarks: | acromial

Answer 45

point of shoulder

Question 46

Posterior Body Landmarks: | brachial

Answer 46

the upper arm

Question 47

Posterior Body Landmarks: | calcaneal

Answer 47

heel of the foot

Question 48

Posterior Body Landmarks: | cephalic

Answer 48

head

Question 49

Posterior Body Landmarks: | dorsum

Answer 49

the back

Question 50

Posterior Body Landmarks: | femoral

Answer 50

the thigh

Question 51

Posterior Body Landmarks: | gluteal

Answer 51

butt

Question 52

Posterior Body Landmarks: | lumbar

Answer 52

the area of the back between the ribs and hips; the loin

Question 53

Posterior Body Landmarks: | manus

Answer 53

the hand

Question 54

Posterior Body Landmarks: | occipital

Answer 54

back of the head/ skull

Question 55

Posterior Body Landmarks: | olecranal

Answer 55

back part of the elbow

Question 56

Posterior Body Landmarks: | otic

Answer 56

the ear

Question 57

Posterior Body Landmarks: | perineal

Answer 57

region between the anus and external genitalia

Question 58

Posterior Body Landmarks: | plantar

Answer 58

the sole of the foot

Question 59

Posterior Body Landmarks: | sacral

Answer 59

region between the hips (overlying the sacrum

Question 60

Posterior Body Landmarks: | scapular

Answer 60

the scapula or shoulder blade area

Question 61

Posterior Body Landmarks: | sural

Answer 61

the calf or the posterior surface of the leg

Question 62

Posterior Body Landmarks: | vertebral

Answer 62

area of the spinal column

Question 63

Superior (cranial)

Answer 63

above (head)

Question 64

inferior (caudal)

Answer 64

below (tail)

Question 65

anterior (ventral)

Answer 65

front (belly)

Question 66

posterior (dorsal)

Answer 66

back

Question 67

lateral

Answer 67

sides

Question 68

medial

Answer 68

midline

Question 69

proximal

Answer 69

closer to point of attachment to limb

Question 70

distal

Answer 70

farther from point of attachment of limb

Question 71

superficial

Answer 71

surface

Question 72

deep

Answer 72

away from surface

Question 73

Integumentary System

Answer 73

thermoregulation vitamin D synthesis cutaneous sensation

Question 74

Skeletal System

Answer 74

blood formation mineral storage electrolyte and acid\base balance

Question 75

Mscular System

Answer 75

stability communication control of body openings heat production

Question 76

Nervous System

Answer 76

rapid internal communication coordination motor control sensation

Question 77

Endocrine System

Answer 77

hormone production internal chemical communication homeostasis

Question 78

Circulatory System

Answer 78

``` distribution of nutrients oxygen wastes hormones electrolytes antibodies acid/base balance ```

Question 79

Lymphatic System

Answer 79

recovery of excess fluid detection of pathogens production of immune cells

Question 80

Respiratory System

Answer 80

absorption of oxygen | discharge of carbon dioxide

Question 81

Urinary System

Answer 81

elimination of wastes regulation of blood pressure RBC production

Question 82

Male Reproduction System

Answer 82

production and delivery of sperm and semen | sex differentiation

Question 83

Female Reproductive System

Answer 83

production of eggs fetal development lactation