ATL Flashcards
What are the three types of holding entries?
Direct, parallel, teardrop
What is the standard holding pattern time below 14k? Above 14k?
Below, 1 minute. Above, 1.5 minutes.
What are the speed restrictions in Class B?
250 knots.
Below Class B or in Class C or D, 200 knots.
What are the Part 91 VFR takeoff minimums?
1000 ft and 3 miles
What are the Part 121 VFR takeoff minimums?
1000 feet and 1 mile day. 1000 feet and 2 miles night.
What is balanced field length?
Where accelerate stop distance and accelerate go distance is the same. Field length where the distance to accelerate and stop is equal to the t/o distance of an a/c experiencing an engine failure at the critical engine failure recognition speed (V1).
Define V1.
Decision speed. Engine failure below this speed abort. Above this speed continue takeoff.
Define Vr.
Rotation speed. Recommended speed to start applying back pressure on the yoke.
Define V2.
Takeoff safety speed. Also best climb gradient speed with the most critical engine inop. Minimum speed to be maintained until at least 400 ft AGL
Define Vmcg
Min speed necessary to maintain directional control following an engine failure during the T/O roll while still on the ground (without nosewheel steering)
Define Vmca
Min control speed with critical engine inop out of ground effect in the air. Most critical eng inop and windmilling, 5 degrees bank toward operative engine, takeoff power on good eng, gear up, flaps up; most rearward CG
Where is icing usually encountered?
In visible moisture between 5 C and -20C or colder
What is considered known icing?
Any mention of icing conditions during a weather brief
When is an AIRMET issued for icing?
At the first indication of moderate ice
When is a SIGMET issued for icing?
For areas of severe icing
What is rule #1 of ice in regards to takeoff?
Takeoff clean with no ice, snow or frost on the aircraft
How can ice be avoided vertically in flight?
By avoiding the freezing level 3000ft below, 8000ft above or clear of clouds
Where is 90% of ice encountered?
Within a 3000 ft vertical area
How does icing affect the aircraft?
Ice adds weight, increases drag, cruise speed drops, stall speed increases and fuel consumption increases dramatically
What is a collection of very small, supercooled water droplets that freeze on contact?
Rime ice. Milky or opaque associated with stratus clouds and relatively smooth air.
What is a collection of large, close to freezing droplets that flow back across the wing before freezing that is hard, glossy and heavy?
Clear ice. Associated w/ large cumulus clouds and turbulence.
What indicates warmer temperatures above?
Freezing rain
Where can freezing rain typically be located?
Ahead of a winter warm front or slowly moving cold front
What is usually the most severe type of icing?
Freezing rain
What indicates freezing rain at higher altitudes?
Ice pellets
What is holdover time?
estimated length of time fluid will prevent accumulation. Begins when final application starts and ends when it loses its effectiveness.
Define a wet runway
Any runway that is not dry
What is not authorized on a wet runway?
LAHSO operations
When should you not takeoff on a contaminated runway?
When standing water, slush or wet snow is greater than half an inch
When is the runway surface considered cluttered?
Standing water 1/8 in or greater, dry snow 1 in or greater, wet snow 1/4 inch or greater and slush 1/8 in or greater
What is SLOP?
Strategic Lateral Offset Procedures are common for North Atlantic Ocean (NAT) track system. All reports made based on ATC cleared track versus offset. Your choice of either centerline, 1NM or 2NM right of centerline.
How does the FAA define a stabilized approach?
Pilot establishes and maintains a constant angle glide path towards a predetermined point on the landing rwy.
As an example, what is Emirates definition of a stabilized approach?
All briefing and checklist items actioned, a/c is in planned landing configuration, a/c is on correct flight path, and a/c speed not > final approach speed +10 and no < Vref.
What is minimum fuel?
advisory that an emergency is possible should any undue delay occur. Does not imply need for traffic priority.
What is emergency fuel?
The point at which, in the judgement of PIC it is necessary to proceed directly to the airport of intended landing due to low fuel. Explicit statement that priority handling by ATC is required and expected.
What are the basic lost comm procecures?
remember AVEF MEA Route : Assigned, vectored, expected or filed. Altitude: higher of Minimum IFT alt (think MSA, MOCA, etc), expected, assigned. Squawk 7600
What is a hotspot?
hot spot is defined as a location on an airport movement area with a history or potential risk of collision or rwy incursion and where heightened attention by pilots and drivers is necessary.
What are the weather requirements for LAHSO?
1000 ft and 3 miles vis
What is CRM?
Crew Resource Management- a set of training procedures for use in environments where human error can have devastating effects. Used for improving aviation safety and focuses on interpersonal communication, leadership and decision making in aircraft cockpits.
What is TEM?
Threat and Error Management- overarching safety concept regarding aviation operations and human performance.
How is threat defined?
Threats- events or errors that occur beyond the influence of the aircrew. Increases operational complexity and which must be managed to maintain the margins of safety.
How are errors defined?
Errors- actions or inactions by the aircrew that lead to deviations from organizational or operational intentions or expectations.
What is transition level?
The lowest flt lvl available for use above the transition altitude.
What is transition altitude?
The alt at or below which the vertical postion of an a/c is controlled by reference to altitudes. A published height above sea level at which pilots, climbing to their cruising level change their barometric altimeter from regional pressure setting to international standard setting
What are the domestic IFR fuel requirements?
Fly to destination, shoot and approach go on to the (most distant) alternate and fly after that for 45 minutes at normal cruise.
What are the international fuel requirements (flag jet)?
fly to and land at airport to which released. Then, fly for a period of 10% additional time above. Then, fly and land at most distant airport specified in flt release. Then, to fly for 30 minutes at holding speed at 1500 ft above airport under std temp conditions. If alt not specified, must have additional 2 hours at normal cruising fuel consumption.
What are the circling speeds for a Class A aircraft?
TERPS 90
ICAO 100
What are the circling speeds for a Class B aircraft?
TERPS 120
ICAO 135
What are the circling speeds for a Class C aircraft?
TERPS 140
ICAO 180
What are the circling speeds for a Class D aircraft?
TERPS 165
ICAO 205
What color are the runway edge lights?
White. Last 2000 ft or halfway is yellow
How far apart are the runway edge lights?
200 feet
What color are the runway centerline lights?
White until the last 3000 feet. Alt red and white for next 2,000 ft and are red for last 1k ft
How far apart are the centerline lights?
50 ft intervals
How far apart are taxiway lights?
normally 200 ft apart on straight aways. 100 ft apart if on single edges
Where does the TDLZ extend to?
3k ft or midpoint of runway
What lights indicate LAHSO?
row of pulsing white lights
What is RWSL
rwy status light system. Monitors rwy and provides rwy entrance lights (REL) and T/O Hold lights (THL)
What does V2 gaurantee?
35 ft above threshold dry and 15 feet above threshold wet
What is factored runway distance?
Actual landing distance X 1.67 dry or X 1.97 wet (to account for the 15% additional rwy requirement).
When do you have positive rate of climb?
Both altimeter and VSI
What are four segments of T/O climb?
Liftoff, gear up to 400 ft, level accel to flap ret and climb speed, 400-1500 climb until clear of obstacle
Define critical engine
Engine that, in the event of failure, would most adversely affect the performance or handling abilities of an a/c.
How does an a/c turn?
Losing horizontal component of lift on one side
Define coffin corner?
Point at which the flight envelope boundary defined by a high incidence stall intersects with that defined by the critical mach number. In other words, a/c has climbed to an altitude where speed differential between the onset of low speed stall buffet and the onset of high speed mach buffet approaches zero.
Might get an EP where you are min fuel and told to go around?
Go around
What to do if a door light comes on enroute?
Follow checklists, move FA and pax away from door, start descent, change pressurization to higher cabin alt.
If on a STAR and hear descend via?
Comply with alt altitude and speed restrictions
Who jointly shares success w/ PIC for success and safety of flight?
Dispatcher
Where is 00 N 180W
somewhere in Pacific Ocean. 180W is International Dateline
What alt for one pilot to war oxygen mask?
Part 121 FL 410
Where is Prime Meridian?
Goes through Greenwhich England
How many lines of latitude between equator and North Pole?
90
How many miles between lines of latitude?
60 nm
Obstacle Clearance Height for MOCA?
kft mountainous, 1.5kft if terrain 3-5kft or 1000 ft everywhere else.
Where is RVSM airspace?
290-410
On ground what can the discrepancy on the altimeter be between Capt and FO? In air?
75 feet ground, 200 air (in rvsm must check every hour on the hour)
When is mayday called?
Life threatening. International distress signal, indicates imminent and grave danger and immediate assistance is requested. Absolute priority over all other communications and commands radio silence.
When is pan called?
urgent situation. International urgency signal, indicates uncertainty or alert and warns other stations not to interfere with urgency transmissions. Urgency communications have priority over all other communications except distress.
What is CAVOK?
5kft and 10Km or 6 SM vis. No CB or TCU and no cloud below 5kft or MSA (whichever is >) No significant wx at or in the vicinity of the aerodrome.
How long is a tempo issued?
30 mins, not to exceed an hour
What do you do if you hear Terrain Terrain in your current a/c?
King Air- 1. Autopilot off 2. Wing level 3. Power- max allowable 4. Pitch increase- initial pitch 20-25 degrees up and adjust to avoid buffet or stall warning until reaching 125 KIAS 5. Gear and Flaps up 6. Continue climb until terrain clearance is assured.
What does $ in a METAR mean?
in automation means maintenance required.
What does A02 in a METAR mean?
has precip sensor
What does A01 in a METAR mean?
no precip sensor
Describe a High Level Significant wx prognostic chart
FL 250-630, 24 hour forecast, no icing or clouds but CBs are depicted.
What does XXX in a high level prog chart indicate?
CB starts below 25k ft
How is turbulence depicted on high level prog chart?
Yellow dashed lines and intensity
What does a double hatch on a jet stream indicate?
A change of 20 knots more in speed
How far out does MSA go?
25 NM
If wx goes below minimums and you are outside FAF?
Can not continue
Inside FAF?
Can continue
When can you continue below DH?
Approach lights insight can go to 100 ft above TDZE, then must have landing environment in sight
What to do if trying to depart and wx is below landing mins?
I need T/O alt, Is rwy legal? Is a/c approved for lower t/o mins? Is it in my Op Specs? Have we been trained? For Atlas the lowest they can do is 5-5-5.
When is a point on a STAR compulsory?
When shaded in
Solve a time and distance problem. You need to descend from 30k to 20k on a 3 degree
0k ft X 3 = 30 NM plus some buffer (either 10% or whatever you like) say 35 NM
T01941067?
First 0 indicates positive so 19.4 is temperature. Then 1 is negative so dewpoint is -6.7
May a/c be fueled with pax onboard?
No