ATI Unit 1 - Chapter 3 Flashcards
When does the posterior fontanel close? anterior fontanel?
posterior - 6-8 weeks
anterior - 12 - 18 months
Weight, height, and head circumference development for infants
weight: gain 150-210g (5-7oz) per week for first 6 months of life; weight doubled by 6 months and rippled by 12 months
height: grow 2.5 cm (about 1 inch) per month for first 6 months, occurs in spurts after age 6 months and birth length increase by 50% by 12 months
circumference: increases 1.5cm (0.6 inch) per month for first 6 months, then about 0.5cm (0.2in) between 6 and 12 months of age
What is the age of an infant
1 month- 1 year
Dentition in infant
6-8 teeth by end of first year usually between 6 and 10 months
what can you do for teething pain in an infant
cold teething rings or OTC teething gels, tylenol and advil appropriate if sleeping/feeding interfered but don’t use for more than 3 days, ibuprofen use only in infants over 6 months of age
how do you clean an infants teeth
with cool, wet washcloths
gross/fine motor skills for first 12 months by month
month 1
fine: has a grasp reflex
gross: demonstrates head lag
month 2
fine: holds hands in an open position
gross: lifts head off matress when prone
month 3
fine: no longer has grasp reflex, keeps hands loosely open
gross: raises head and shoulders off matress when prone, only slight head lag
month 4
fine: places objects in mouth
gross: rolls from back to side
month 5
fine: uses palmar grasp dominantly
gross: rolls from front to back
month 6
fine: holds bottle
gross: rolls from back to front
month 7
fine: moves objects from hand to hand
gross: bears full weight on feet
month 8
fine: begins using pincer grasp
gross: sits unsupported
month 9
fine: has a crude pincer grasp
gross: pulls to standing position, creeps on hands and knees instead of crwaling
month 10
fine: grasps rattle by its handle
gross: changes from a prone to a sitting position
month 11
fine: places objects into a container, neat pincer grasp
gross: walks while holding onto something
month 12
fine: tries to build a two-block tower without success
gross: sits down from a standing position without assistance
What is the 1st stage of cognitive development? what are the three important tasks accomplished in this stage?
Piagets first stage: Sensorimotor (birth - 24 months)
- progress from reflexive to simple repetitive to imitative activities
3 tasks
1) separation: infants learn to separate themselves from other objects in environment
2) object permanence: the process by which infants know that object still exists out of view, around 9 months of age
3) mental representation: recognition of symbols
language development
what can most infants understand language-wise by 1 year?
3-5 words and no
What is the first stage of psychosocial development? explain the social devlopment and body-image changes
Erikson’s Trust vs Mistrust (birth-1 year)
- based on quality of caregiver-infant relationship
- infant begins to learn delayed gratification
- trust developed by meeting comfort feeding stimulation and caring needs (mistrust develops if inadequately met or continuously met before infant vocalizes need)
social development
- includes attachment, separation, recognition/anxiety, and stranger fear
1) attachment: bond with parents, seen in first month but actually before birth, faster with positive experiences
2) separation-individuation: during 1st year of life with separation and object permanence
3) separation anxiety: around 4-8 months of age
4) stranger fear: between 6-8 months
5) reactive attachment disorders can form here
body-image
- mouths are pleasure producers
- hands and feet seen as play objects
- discover smiling causes others to react
What are age-appropriate activities for infants?
- short attention spans and don’t play with others, solitary play
- rattles
- teething toys
- nesting toys
- pat a cake
- balls
- reading books
- mirrors
- blocks
look up immunizations p.26
don’t need to know yet
