ATI review

Question 1

Coitus interruptus

Answer 1

“Pulling out”
Withdrawal of penis from vagina right before ejaculating

Educate about pre-ejaculation

Question 2

Calendar rhythm method

Answer 2

Tracking menstrual cycle to estimate time of ovulation (14 days before start of next period)

Start of fertile period: shortest menstrual cycle - 18

End of fertile period: longest menstrual cycle - 11

Question 3

Spinnbarkeit

Answer 3

Ability for vaginal mucous to stretch between fingers (greatest during ovulation)

Question 4

STIs transmitted by skin (lesions) or mucous membranes

Answer 4

HPV
HSV
syphilis

Condoms do not protect from these

Question 5

Diaphragm contraceptive

Answer 5

Fitted by Dr with prescription

Inserted before intercourse (up to 6hrs before) and stays in 6hrs after intercourse

Should not stay in for more than 24hrs

Spermicide used as well

Replace every 2 years

Question 6

Combined oral contraceptives

Answer 6

Contains estrogen and progestin

Suppresses ovulation, thickens cervical mucous to block semen, alters uterine decidua to prevent implantation

Question 7

Complications of oral contraceptives

Answer 7

Chest pain
SOB
Leg pain (DVT)
Headache
Vision changes (stroke)
HTN

Question 8

Advantages of oral contraceptives

Answer 8

Protects against endometrial, ovarian and colon cancer

Reduces incidence of benign breast disease

Improves acne

Protects against development of functional ovarian cysts

Question 9

Progestin-only pills

Answer 9

Same action as combined contraceptives pills

Fewer adverse effects

Safe during breast feeding

Question 10

Medroxyprogesterone

Answer 10

Injectable progestin for contraception

Injected every 11-13 weeks

Inhibits ovulation and thickens cervical mucous

Start of injections should be during first 5 days of menstrual cycle

Diet high in Ca and Vit D

Question 11

Tubal ligation

Answer 11

Surgical procedure that severes/burns or blocks the fallopian tubes to prevent fertilization

Must wait 30 days after consent

Question 12

Vasectomy

Answer 12

Ligation and severance of vas deferens

Can be reversible but not always successful

Question 13

Presumptive signs of pregnancy

Answer 13

Amonorrhea
Fatigue
N/V
Urinary frequency
Breast changes
Quickening (fluttering movements of fetus at 16-20 weeks)
Uterine enlargement

Question 14

Probable signs of pregnancy

Answer 14

Abdominal enlargement
Hegars sign (softening and compressibility of lower uterus)
Chadwick’s sign (deepened violet-bluish color of cervix and vaginal mucous)
Goodells sign (softening of cervical tip)
Ballottement (rebound of engaged fetus)
Braxton hicks contractions
Positive pregnancy test

Question 15

Positive signs of pregnancy

Answer 15

Fetal heart sounds
Visualization of fetus by ultrasound
Fetal movement

Question 16

Nägeles rule

Answer 16

1st day of last period - 3 months + 7 days and 1 yr = expected delivery date

Question 17

Measurement of fundal height

Answer 17

Cm from symphysis pubis to top of uterine fundus (18-30 weeks gestation)
Approximates gestational age

Question 18

Gravidity

Answer 18

of pregnancies

Question 19

Nulligravida

Answer 19

Never been pregnant

Question 20

Primigravida

Answer 20

1st pregnancy

Question 21

Multigravida

Answer 21

2 or more pregnancies

Question 22

Parity

Answer 22

of pregnancies that reached at least 20 weeks

Question 23

Nullipara

Answer 23

No pregnancy beyond 20 weeks

Question 24

Primipara

Answer 24

1 pregnancy that reached at least 20 weeks

Question 25

Multipara

Answer 25

2 or more pregnancies that were at least 20 weeks

Question 26

Viability

Answer 26

Infant has capacity to survive outside the uterus
Between weeks 22-25 are considered in threshold of viability