ATI Questions Flashcards
The function of RNA eukaryotic cells is to:
A. transmit hereditary information to new cells
B. direct the synthesis and assembly of new organelles
C. provide the template for protein synthesis
D. produce energy for metabolic process within the cell
C. provide the template for protein synthesis
Chewing tobacco and cigarettes both contain nicotine, which constricts blood vessels. Smoking also involves the inhalation of tar, information, which of the following health problems is likely to be common to chewing tobacco and cigarettes? A. Alzheimer's disease B. Chronic bronchitis C. Heart disease D. Emphysema
C. Heart disease
Rationale: Nicotine, which is present in both chewing tobacco and cigarettes, constricts blood vessels, which decreases blood flow to the heart muscle.
Which of the following explains why evidence for transitional forms with intermediate characteristics between groups of organisms is not often seen?
A. Transitional changes are only seen in DNA.
B. Transitional forms are long lived.
C. Transitional forms do not all fossilize.
D. Transitional forms are generally microscopic.
C. Transitional forms do not all fossilize.
Rationale:Not all organisms fossilize.
Two researchers not that when Weeds A and B grow next to each other, the roots of Weed A stop growing when they enter the root zone of Weed B. Since activated charcoal is known to absorb organic compounds, the researchers apply activated charcoal to the soil around Weed B. They note that the roots of Weed A then grow into the root zone of Weed B. Which of the following hypotheses is being tested by the addition of activated charcoal to the soil?
A. Weed A absorbs activated charcoal, which enhances root growth for weed A.
B. Weed B grows best in soil that contains few organic compounds.
C. Weed A is attached to soil that contains activated charcoal.
D. Weed B produces an organic compound that inhibits root growth for Weed A.
D. Weed B produces an organic compound that inhibits root growth for Weed A.
Rationale: Since activated charcoal is known to absorb organic compounds, its use indicates that the hypothesis being tested is that Weed B produces an organic compound that inhibits root growth for Weed A.
Which of the following electrolytes controls water balance in the human body? A. Phosphorus B. Sodium C. Magnesium D. Calcium
B. Sodium
Rationale: Sodium controls the osmosis of water by increasing or decreasing osmolarity and therefore controls water balance in the body.
In a chemical reaction, a metal will become: A. a cation by losing electrons. B. a cation by gaining electrons. C. an anion by losing electrons. D. an anion by gaining electrons.
A. a cation by losing electrons.
In chemical reactions, metals lose electrons and become positively charged cations.
A student notices that a colleague has one green eye and one blue eye. Which of the following possibilities is correct?
A. The genotype of one parent is green eyes, and the genotype of the other is blue eyes.
B. The phenotype indicates variability in the genotype of each eye.
C. The phenotype of each eye cannot be inferred from the visible genotype of the eye.
D. The phenotype shows one green-eye gone and one blue-eye gene on the DNA.
B. The phenotype indicates variability in the genotype of each eye.
Rationale: Phenotype is the external manifestation of the alleles, and constitute the genotype. The colleague’s eye color indicates variability in the genotype of each eye.
Which of the following is the function of the spleen in a healthy adult human? A. It stores bile produced in the liver B. It produces white blood cells. C. It degrades aged red blood cells D. It is a vestigial organ
C. It degrades aged red blood cells
Rationale: A healthy spleen degrades RBC’s & produces lymphocytes (hematopoiesis
The concentration of hydrogen ions in water with a pH of 7 is: A. 10 (+7) M B. 7M C. 0.7M D. 10 (-7)M
D. 10 (-7) M
Rationale: The formula for pH is -log[H+]. A pH of 7 translates to 10 -7M of hydrogen ions
A scientist wants to know if the temperature of the soil varies at different depths. He assumes that the temperature will remain the same as depth increases. To best test this assumption, the scientist should perform;
A. single trails at the surface and at 10, 30, 50, 70, and 90 cm depths.
B. single trails at the surface and at 90 cm.
C. repeated trials at the surface and at 90 cm.
D. repeated trials at the surface and at 10, 30, 50, 70, and 90 cm depths.
D. repeated trials at the surface and at 10, 30, 50, 70, and 90 cm depths.
Rationale: The best experimental procedure includes multiple samples taken from each of a range of depths.
Which of the following options explains why surface temperatures of the Earth are higher in the summer than in winter?
A. The Moon reflects the Sun’s energy toward the Earth in the summer
B. The Sun’s radiation energy fluctuates seasonally.
C. The Sun’s rays strike closer to perpendicular to the Earth’s surface in summer.
D. Solar radiation is partially blocked from Earth by Mercury and Venus in the winter.
C. The Sun’s rays strike closer to perpendicular to the Earth’s surface in summer.
Rationale: Surface temperatures are higher in the summer because the Sun’s rays strike Earth more directly due to the tilt of the Earth axis toward the Sun.
Which of the following explains what happens in the circulatory system during hyperventilation?
A. Alveloar exchange does not occur efficiently, causing the oxygen level and blood pH to drop.
B. The carbon dioxide level in the blood increases, causing tissues to suffer from increasingly acidic blood pH.
C. The carbon dioxide level decreases and the blood pH increases, causing constriction of blood vessels and hypoxia.
D. High oxygen levels cause rapid cell respiration, and carbon dioxide is released, re-establishing homeostasis
C. The carbon dioxide level decreases and the blood pH increases, causing constriction of blood vessels and hypoxia.
Rationale: Blood vessel constriction occurs due to the increased alkalinity of blood.
Which of the following conditions might help a species to escape extinction in the face of changing environmental conditions, such as habitat destruction? A. Extreme specialization B. Small populations C. Ecological niches D. Generalized distrubution
D. Generalized distribution
Rationale: A wide distribution will allow some members to survive detrimental changes.
Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between genes and chromosomes?
A. Genes are DNA sequences found on chromosomes.
B. Chromosomes contain genes composed of amino acids.
C. Chromosomes are DNA sequences found on genes.
D. Genes contain chromosomes comprised of amino acids
A. Genes are DNA sequences found on chromosomes.
Rationale: Genes are linear sequences of DNA on chromosomes, and they encode hereditary information that is transmitted to offspring.
Which of the following describes the type of chemical bonds found within a molecule of ammonia, NH3?
A. Nonpolar covalent bonds
B. Polar covalent bonds
C. Iconic bonds
D. Hydrogen bonds
B. Polar covalent bonds
Rationale: Nitrogen is more electronegative than hydrogen, leading to an unequal sharing of electrons, which is the definition of polar covalent bonds
Which of the following organelles are involved in the separation of chromosomes during the process of eukaryotic cell division?
A. Plasmodesmata
B. Plastids
C. Centrioles
D. Telomeres
C. Centrioles
Rationale: Centrioles produce spindle fibres that pull chromatids apart.
Which of the following terms describes the bonding together of smaller molecules to form larger molecules?
A. Anabolism
B. Catalysis
C. Catabolism
D. Anaphylaxis
A. Anabolism
Rationale: Anabolism describes the endothermic process by which bonds are formed between molecules to make larger molecules.
Ca+H2SO4
Which of the following statements correctly describes the outcome of the reaction above?
A. Calcium is oxidized to Ca 2+.
B. Sulfuric acid is decomposed to hydrogen sulfide.
C. Sulfuric acid is neutralized to calcium sulfate.
D. Hydrogen is oxidized to hydrogen gas.
A. Calcium is oxidized to Ca 2+
Rationale: Calcium is oxidized to Ca 2+ in calcium sulfate.
