ATI nutrition

Question 1

A diet history

Answer 1

is an assessment of usual foods, fluids, and supplements. Time, type , and amount of food eaten for break, lunch , dinner and snack.
time and type of fluids consumed . type amount of special foods . preparation of foods and fluids.

Question 2

physical assessment nutrittion

Answer 2

hair brittle, poor wound healing, lack of subucutaneous muscle wasting, irregular cardio vascular HR, BP, enlarged spleen and liver. general weakness or imparied cordination.

Question 3

anthropometric tools

Answer 3

Height, weight illness and injury can put risk for malnutriotn. ( weight changes from usual. same time and frequency. , BMI ideal 18.5-24.5 overweight 25-29. obese greater than 30, BMI= weight KG/ height m2

Question 4

clinical values fluid amounts I+O

Answer 4

adults 2,000 to 3,00 mL (2-3L) per day

Question 5

total average output

Answer 5

1,750-3,00 mL/day

Question 6

protein levels

Answer 6

albumin 3.5-5 g/dL

Question 7

prealbumin

Answer 7

prealbumin levels are used to measure effectiveness of total parenteral nutrition. expected range 15-36 mg/dL. less than 10,7 mg/dL severe malnutrition.

Question 8

nitrogen balance

Answer 8

relationship between protein breakdown (catabolism) and protein synthesis( anabolism)
Record protein intake in grams over 24 hrs and divide by 6.25
record nitrogen excretion in urine over 24 hr and add 4 g
subtract nitrogen output from intake
24 protein intake /6.25 = nitrogen intake.
24 hr urinary urea nitrogen +4 g= total nitrogen output

nitrogen intake-total nitrogen output+nitrogen balance

neutral NB indicated adequate nutritional intake

Question 9

anoretic medications

Answer 9

surpress appetite and reduce food intake. when combined with excersise program and can result in weight lose.

Orlistant- prevent digestion of fats
Lorcaserin-stimulates serotonin receptors in the hypothalamus in the brain to curb appetite.
phentermine-topiramate-suppresses the appetite and induces feeling fo stiety.

Question 10

Bio Physical factors

Answer 10

medical disease, prevention measures, genetic predisposition, age,

Question 11

psychological factors

Answer 11

mental illness, excessive stress, negative self concept, use of comfort foods.

Question 12

socioeconomic factors

Answer 12

poverty ,alcohol, food preference , culture,

Question 13

osteoporis risk factors

Answer 13

inactivity, tabacco use

Question 14

BUN

Answer 14

10-20 mg/dl deydration , complication of enteral feeding

Question 15

A hematocrit

Answer 15

42% to 52% for a male and 37% to 47% for a female

Question 16

glucose level

Answer 16

expected reference range of less than 200 mg/dL.

Question 17

A client who has HIV should consume

Answer 17

25 to 30 cal/kg depending on activity level, metabolism, and disease state.

Question 18

nutritional risk for malnourishment.

Answer 18

The nurse should recognize that a client who has experienced a 5% weight loss in 1 month or a 10% weight loss over 6 months is considered to have a high nutritional risk for malnourishment.

Question 19

sodium levels

Answer 19

A normal blood sodium level is between 135 and 145 milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L). Hyponatremia occurs when the sodium in your blood falls below 135 mEq/L.

Question 20

nutrients to increase while pregnant

Answer 20

zinc, folate, vitamins A, C, E

Question 21

fats in diet

Answer 21

The nurse should instruct the client to choose monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats rather than saturated fats. Current recommendations include saturated fat intake of less than 10% of the total fat intake.

Question 22

daily sodium recomendation

Answer 22

2,300 mg per day

Question 23

phosphate levels CKD (chronic Kidney disease

Answer 23

The nurse should identify that a phosphate level is used to adjust the diet of a client who has chronic kidney disease. The inability of the kidneys to metabolize vitamin D can lead to decreased levels of active vitamin D and calcium and increased phosphate levels. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid high-phosphorus foods, such as salmon and sunflower seeds.

Question 24

Urine catecholamines

Answer 24

The nurse should identify that urine is tested for vanillylmandelic acid, homovanillic acid, and catecholamines to detect certain hormone-producing tumors.

Question 25

Troponin T

Answer 25

The nurse should identify that troponin testing is performed to detect myocardial damage in clients who have cardiac disease.

Question 26

WBC count

Answer 26

The nurse should identify that a WBC test detects infection and inflammatory processes in the body.

Question 27

TOTAL CHOLESTEROL

Answer 27

The nurse should identify this finding as being below 200 mg/dl and therefore expected.

Question 28

Diaphoresis

Answer 28

The nurse should identify that diaphoresis is a manifestation of hypoglycemia. Other manifestations include weakness, shakiness, dizziness, headache, and confusion. The nurse should give the client 15 g of readily absorbable carbohydrate, such as ½ cup of fruit juice or 2 tsp of sugar.

Question 29

Fruity breath

Answer 29

The nurse should identify that fruity breath is a manifestation of hyperglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis.

Question 30

Erythema

Answer 30

The nurse should identify that erythema is a manifestation of hyperglycemia. Cool, pale skin is a manifestation of hypoglycemia.

Question 31

hypoglycemia

Answer 31

The nurse should identify that blurred vision is a manifestation of a hypoglycemia.