ATI Chpt 1 AND 2; Exam 1 Flashcards
Abstinence
Reframing from sexual intercourse
Advantage vs. Disadvantages Abstinence
Advantages
1. Most effective
2. Eliminate risk for STI
Disadvantages
1. Self control
2. High failure rate
Coitus interruptus; withdraw definition
Withdraw of the penis from the vaginitis prior to ejaculation
Advantages vs disadvantageous of coitus interruptus
Advantages; monogamous couples possible choice
Disadvantage; least effective method, no protection against STIs
Definition of calendar rhythm method
Tracing the menstrual cycle to estimate the time of ovulation
Advantages, disadvantages, and risk of calendar rhythm method
Advantage; inexpensive, used with the basal method
Disadvantage; not realizable, no protection fro STIs, record keeping, adherence/abstinence during fertile periods
Risk; factors affect ovulation, possible pregnancy
Definition of cycle beads
Standard days method/ cycle beads; beads color coded and on a necklace
Advantages vs. Disadvantages of Cycle beads
Advantage; Mobile app adherence by using a visual aid, easy to understand
Disadvantage; unreliable, pregnancy, lose track of the days
Definition of basal body temperature
Temperature of the body at rest
Advantages vs Disadvantages of Basal Body Temperature
Advantages; inexpensive, convenient, and no adverse effects
Disadvantage; variables can cause inaccurate interpretation for the temperature changes, does not protect against STIs
Cervical mucous ovulation detection method definition
Client analysis cercial mucous it determine ovulation; Spinnbarkeit sign
Advantages vs Disadvantages of Cervical Mucus Ovulation
Advantages; cents become very accurate with the characteristics of own mucus, can be diagnostically helpful in determining the start of ovulation while breastfeeding and planning a desired pregnancy
Disadvantages; clients can be uncomfortable with touching the mucus, self analysis of mucus can be difficult, no protection from STI
Male condom definition
Thin sheath to cover the penis during sexual intercourse
Advantages and disadvantages of a male condom
Advantage; protects against STIs, involves the male, no adverse effects readily available
Disadvantages; high rate of non adherence, reduces spontaneity, decrease sensation, one time use, cost replacement, does not protect against lesions on the skin or mucous membranes, hpv, hsv, syphilis.
Female condom definition
Vaginal sheath made of nitrile, a non latex synthetic rubber flexible rings on both ends that is pre lubricated with a spermicide
Advantages vs disadvantageous of a female condom
Advantages; offer protection against pregnancy and STIs, offer some protection against sti transmitted by skin to skin contact hpv, hsv, syphilis
Disadvantages; complicated to use bulky, noisy during intercourse, more expensive
Definition of spermicide
Chemical barrier available in a variety of foams. They destroy sperm before they can enter the cervix. Vaginal flora becomes acidic, not favorable for sperm survival.
Advantages vs Disadvantages of spermicide
Advantages; no Rx, increase the effectiveness of other methods if used together, various forms/suppositories, foams, creams, gels, films
Disadvantages; messy reapply after each act of intercourse, no protection against STIs
Diaphragm definition
A dome shaped cup with a flexible rim that fits snugly over the cervix
Advantages vs disadvantages of a diaphragm
Advantages; client has more control, easy to insert
Disadvantages; inconvenient, reapplication and cream of foam to be more effective, RX needed, must insert correctly, does not protect against STIs
Definition of Cervical Cap
Silicone cap that fits tightly around the base of the cervix
Advantage/ Disadvantage of Cervical cap
Advantage; extended period of use, no additional application of spermicide needed
Disadvantage; risk for TSS, allergic reaction, no precision from STIs
Contraceptive sponge definition
Fits over the cervix physical and chemical barrier
Advantage and disadvantage of contraceptive sponge
Advantage; easy to insert, multiple acts of intercourse
Disadvantage; does not protect against sti
Combines oral Contraceptives COCs definition and advantage vs, disadvantage
Contains estrogen and progestin suppresses ovulation and thickening cervical mucus to block semen
Advantage; highly effective if taken correctly
Disadvantage; does not protect against STIs
Minipill definition
Oral progestins that provide the same action as combined oral contraceptives
Definition/ advantage/ disadvantage of the morning after pill
Prevents fertilization fro taking place by inhibiting ovulation and the transport of sperm
Advantage; not taken on regular basis anyone can purchase easy to follow directions
Disadvantage; nausea, heavier than normal bleeding, lower abd pain, fatigue and HA, no long term contraception, does not terminate pregnancy, no protection against STIs
Transcervical Sterilization definition/ education/ advantage/ disadvantage
Insertion of small flexible agents through the vaginitis and cervix into the fallopian tubes. Results in scar tissue in tubes, preventing contraception
Education; normal daily activities
Advantages; quick non hormonal no anesthesia needed effective in preventing pregnancy
Disadvantages; not reversible, not for postpartum clients menstrual changes. STIs
Female sterilization; bilateral tubal ligation
Surgical procedure cutting or burning of the fallopian tubes
Advantage; permanent, after childbirth, decrease the risk for ovarian cancer
Disadvantage; surgical procedure carries risks, irreversible. STIs, risk of ectopic pregnancy
Male Sterilization; Vasectomy
Surgical procedure ligations and severance of the vas defense
Advantage; permanent safe, no effect on sexual dysfunction
Disadvantage; surgery, reversal, STIs, granulomas, surgical risk
What is infertility
Inability to conceive for a prolonged period
Decrease in sperm production, endometriosis, ovulation disorders, and tubal occlusions- scars
Female assessment
Age duration of infertility, medical history, surgical history, GYN history, sexual history, pelvic exam, hormones, your thoughts of trying to get pregnant, family history, trust, substance abuse
Diagnostic procedures for a female
Pelvic exam hormone analysis, postcoital test, ultrasonography, hysterosalpingography, hysteroscopy, laparoscopy
Gather this info and give to physician
Diagnostic Procedure for a Male
Semen analysis
Ultrasonography
Patient centered care for infertility
Nutritional, stress reeducation/ exercise, herbal medications, acupuncture, avoid high scrotal temperatures; no hot tubs
Read the room, communication
Always put the patient first
Ovarian stimulation for infertility
Save mom first, stay on top o infections, treat partners for STIs also, clomiphene citrate, letrozole, met Forman, anti microbial medications; preexisting infections
Assisted reproductive technologies
Intrauterine insemination
In vitro fertilization- embryo transfer IVF ET
Gamete intrafallopian transfer
Donor oocyte
Gestational carrier- embryo host
Surrogate mother
Therapeutic donor insemination
Nursing interventions for infertility
Encourage
Explain roles of the medical team
Monitor the client
Provide and Advice client
Make referrals grief or infertility support groups
Chaplin
Honesty
V/S, B/P
Direct pt
Honesty always
Complications of infertility
Ectopic pregnancy
Multiple gestations
Methotrexate- 2 injections in the butt = termination of pregnancy
