ATI

Question 1

What is Diabetes mellitus type 1?

Answer 1

Diabetes mellitus type 1 is an endocrine disorder is characterized by destruction of pancreatic beta cells.

Question 1

What is short-acting insulin?

Answer 1

Short-acting insulin is also known as regular insulin, administered 30 minutes before food intake. Peaks at 1 to 5 hours, duration is 6 - 8 hours.

Question 3

What are clinical manifestation of contact dermatitis?

Answer 3

Clinical manifestation of contact dermatitis include:
Red bumps that can form moist weeping blisters
Skin warm and tender to the touch
Presence of oozing, drainage, or crusts
Skin. Becomes scaly, raw or thickened.

Question 4

What are the clinical manifestations of transposition of the great arteries?

Answer 4

Clinical manifestations of transposition of the great arteries are:

1) murmur depending on presence of associated defects
2) severe to less cyanosis depending on the size of the associated defect
3) Cardiomegaly (abnormal enlargement of the heart)
4) heart failure.

Question 5

What are clinical manifestation of pulmonary stenosis?

Answer 5

Clinical manifestation of pulmonary stenosis include:

1) systolic ejection murmur
2) Cyanosis varies with the severity of the narrowing
3) Cardiomegaly
4) heart failure

Question 6

What is infective (bacterial) endocarditis?

Answer 6

Infective (bacterial) endocarditis:

1) is an infection in the inner lining of the heart and the valves.
2) can be caused from either Streptococcus viridans and Staphyococcus aureus.

Question 7

What are the clinical manifestations of infective (bacterial) endocarditis in infants?

Answer 7

Clinical manifestations of infective (bacterial) endocarditis in infants are:

1) feeding problems,
2) respiratory distress
3) tachycardia
4) heart failure
5) septicemia (blood poisoning)

Question 8

What is rapid-acting insulin?

Answer 8

Rapid acting insulin onset is 15 to 30 min; it peaks from 30 min to 2.5 hours, and last 3 - 6 hours

Question 9

What are the clinical manifestations of aortic stenosis in children?

Answer 9

Clinical manifestations of aortic stenosis in children are:

1) Intolerance to exercise
2) dizziness
3) chest pain
4) possible ejection murmur

Question 10

What some clinical manifestations of heart failure?

Answer 10

Clinical manifestations of heart failure include:

1) impaired myocardial function
- sweating, tachycardia, fatigue, pallor, cool extremities with weak pulses, gallop rhythm, cardiomegaly
2) Pulmonary congestion:
- tachypnea (abnormal rapid breathing), dyspnea (labored breathing), retractions, nasal flairing, grunting, wheezing, cyanosis, cough, orthopnea, exercise intolerance
3) Systemic venous congestion: hepatomegaly (enlargement of liver), peripheral edema, ascites (fluid in the abdominal cavity causing swelling), neck vein distention, periobital edema, weight gain.

Question 11

What are clinical manifestations of Ventricular Septal Defects?

Answer 11

Clinical manifestations of Ventricular Septal Defects include:

1) Loud, harsh murmur auscultated at the left sternal border.
2) may spontaneously close

Question 13

What is the end result of an obstructive cardiac defect?

Answer 13

The end result of an obstructive cardiac defect is decreased cardiac output.

Question 14

What are some nursing interventions when administering digoxin?

Answer 14

Nursing interventions when administering digoxin include:

1) monitor pulse and withhold the medication as prescribed.
- In infants, if the pulse is less than 90/min, the medication should be withheld.
- in children, if the pulse is less than 70/min the medication should be withheld.
2) Monitor for toxicity
3) monitor for serum digoxin levels

Question 15

What is a hospitalized toddlers level of understanding?

Answer 15

The hospitalized toddler:

1) has limited ability to describe illness
2) poorly developed sense of body image or boundaries
3) limited understanding of the need for the therapeutic process
4) limited ability to follow directions

Question 16

What are the clinical manifestations of hyperglycemia?

Answer 16

Clinical manifestations of hyperglycemia include:

1) thirst
2) polyuria (early), oliguria (late)
3) nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain
4) skin that is warm, dry, and flushed with poor turgor
5) dry mucous membranes
6) confusion
7) weakness
8) lethargy
9) weak pulse
10) diminished reflexes
11) Rapid, deep respirations with fruity odor (Kussmaul respirations)

Question 17

What are the therapeutic serum digoxin levels?

Answer 17

Therapeutic serum digoxin levels range from 0.5 to 2 mcg/L

Question 18

What are some nursing interventions for infective (bacterial) endocarditis?

Answer 18

Nursing interventions for infective (bacterial) endocarditis are:

1) administer antibiotics parenterally for 2 to 8 weeks, usually via a PICC line.
2) Counsel the family of high risk children about the need for prophylactic antibiotics prior to dental and surgical procedure
3) Advise the family’s regular dentist of existing cardiac problems in high-risk children to ensure preventative treatment
4) maintain a high level of oral care
5) educate families regarding signs and symptoms of infection
6) advise families of follow-up appointments.

Question 19

What are the risk factors for infective (bacterial) endocarditis?

Answer 19

Risk factors infective (bacterial) endocarditis are:

1) congenital or acquired heart disease
2) indwelling catheters

Question 20

What is the impact of hospitalization on a toddler?

Answer 20

A hospitalized toddler can:

1) Experience separation anxiety
2) can exhibit an intense reaction to any type of procedure due to the intrusion of boundaries
3) behavior can regress

Question 20

What is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus?

Answer 20

A serious complication of diabetes mellitus is diabetic ketoacidosis . (DKA)

Question 21

What is Diabetic Ketoacidosis?

Answer 21

Diabetic Ketoacidosis is a life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, in which hyperglycemia, ketonemia, glycosuria, ketonuria, and acidosis (pH 7.30 and bicarbonate 15 mmol/L), resulting in the breakdown of body fat for energy and an accumulation of ketones in blood, urine, and lungs. Onset is rapid and mortality rate is high

Question 22

What are clinical manifestations of Atrial Septal Defects?

Answer 22

Clinical manifestations of Atrial Septal Defect include:

1) loud, harsh murmur with a fixed split second heart sound
2) May be asymptomatic

Question 23

What are nursing interventions for Kawasaki disease?

Answer 23

Nursing interventions for Kawasaki disease are:

1) maintain cardiac monitoring
2) Assess for heart failure (decreased urine output, gallop heart rhythm, tachycardia, respiratory distress
3) Monitor I&O
4) obtain weight
5) administer IV fluids to avoid dehydration
6) offer clear liquids and soft foods
7) administer IV gamma globulin
8) Administer asprin as prescribed.

Question 24

What is aortic stenosis?

Answer 24

Aortic stenosis is an obstructive defect causing a narrowing of the aortic valve.

Question 26

What are some clinical manifestations of infective (bacterial) endocarditis?

Answer 26

Clinical manifestations of infective (bacterial) endocarditis are: 1) fever 2) malaise 3) new murmur 4) myalgias (muscle pain) 5) arthralgias (joint pain) 6) headache 7) diaphresis 8) weight loss

Question 27

What congenital heart defects create mixed blood flow?

Answer 27

There are three congenital heart defects that mix pulmonary and systemic blood flow: 1) transposition of the great arteries 2) truncus arteriosus, 3) hypoplastic left heart syndrome.

Question 27

What are the clinical manifestations of hypoglycemia?

Answer 27

Clinical manifestations of hypoglycemia can include: 1) hunger, lightheaded ness, and shakiness 2) headache 3) anxiety 4) pale, cool skin 5) diaphoresis 6) irritability 7) shallow respirations (but can be normal) 8) tachycardia and palpations 9) strange or unusual feelings 10) decreasing level of consciousness 11) difficulty in thinking and inability to concentrate 12) change of emotional behavior 13) slurred speech 14) headache and blurred vision 15) seizures leading to coma

Question 29

What is contact dermatitis?

Answer 29

Contact dermatitis is an inflammatory reaction of the skin, caused when skin comes into contact with chemicals, or other irritants

Question 30

What are the types of bacterial infections?

Answer 30

``` Bacterial infections include: Impetigo contagioas Pyoderma Folliculitis Furuncle Carbuncle Cellulitis Stapylococcal scalded syndrome ```

Question 31

What is diaper dermatitis?

Answer 31

Diaper dermatitis is an inflammatory reaction of the skin caused by detergents, soaps, or chemicals that come into contact with the genital area. It can also be a result of candida albicans.

Question 32

What is coarctation of the aorta?

Answer 32

Coarctation of the aorta is an obstructive cardiac defect where a narrowing of the lumen of the aorta, usually at or near the ductus arteriosus, that results in obstruction of blood flow from the ventricle.

Question 33

What is seborrheic dermatitis?

Answer 33

Seborrheic dermatitis is an inflammatory form of contact dermatitis with unknown etiology. Is most common in infancy and puberty. Types of seborrheic dermatitis are Cradle cap, blepharitis, otitis externa.

Question 34

What congenital heart defects obstruct blood flow?

Answer 34

There are three congenital heart defects that obstruct blood flow: 1) Coarctation of the aorta, 2) pulmonary stenosis, 3) aortic stenosis

Question 36

What can causes Diabetic Ketoacidosis?

Answer 36

Diabetic ketoacidosis can be caused by: 1) insufficient insulin 2) acute stress 3) poor management of acute illness

Question 37

What are some examples of contact dermatitis?

Answer 37

Examples of contact dermatitis include: Diaper dermatitis Seborrheic dermatitis

Question 38

What are clinical manifestations of shock?

Answer 38

Clinical manifestation of shock are 1) dyspnea (labored breathing) 2) breath sounds with crackles 3) grunting 4) hypotension 5) tachycardia 6) weak peripheral pulses

Question 39

What are some clinical manifestations of diaper dermatitis?

Answer 39

Clinical manifestation of diaper dermatitis include: Bright red rash that extends gradually Fiery red and scaly areas on the scrotum and penis Red or scaly areas on the labia Pimples, blisters, ulcers, large bumps, or pus-filled sores Smaller red patches that blend together

Question 40

What are some nursing interventions for diaper dermatitis?

Answer 40

Nursing interventions for diaper dermatitis include: 1) promptly remove solid diaper 2) clean urine from the perineal area with a non irritating cleanser 3) expose the affected area to air 4) use super absorbent disposable diaper to reduce skin exposure 5) apply a skin barrier, such as zinc oxide, DO NOT WASH IT OFF with each diaper change

Question 41

What is the pathophysiology of defects that increase pulmonary blood flow?

Answer 41

Defects with increased pulmonary blood flow allow blood to shift from the high pressure left side of the heart to the right, lower pressure side of the heart.

Question 41

What are the clinical manifestations of tricuspid atresia in the older child?

Answer 41

Clinical manifestation of tricuspid atresia in an infant are 1) Hypoxemia 2) Clubbing of fingers

Question 42

What are clinical manifestations of hypoplastic left heart syndrome?

Answer 42

Clinical manifestations of hypoplastic left heart syndrome are: 1) mild cyanosis 2) heart failure 3) lethargy 4) cold hands and feet 5) once PDA closes, progression of cyanosis and decreased cardiac output result in eventual cardiac collapse.

Question 45

What are the types of viral skin infections

Answer 45

``` There are six types of viral skin infections including Verruca Verruca plantaris Herpes simplex virus Varicella zoster virus Molluscum contagiosum ```

Question 46

What are nursing interventions for contact dermatitis?

Answer 46

Nursing interventions for contact dermatitis include: Remove the irritant Limit further exposure

Question 47

What is an Atrial Septal Defect? (ASD)

Answer 47

Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) is a cardiac defect that increase pulmonary blood flow via a hole in the septum between the right and left atria that results in increased pulmonary blood flow (left-to-right-shunt)

Question 47

What are the clinical manifestations of Tetralogy of Fallot?

Answer 47

Clinical manifestations of Tetralogy of Fallot are 1) cyanosis at birth; progressive cyanosis over the first year of life 2) systolic murmur 3) episodes of acute cyanosis and hypoxia (Tet spells)

Question 49

What congenital heart defects increase pulmonary blood flow?

Answer 49

There are three congenital heart defects that increase pulmonary blood flow: 1) ASD - Atrial Septal Defect 2) VSD - Ventricular Septal Defect 3) PDA - Patent Ductus Arteriousa

Question 49

What is transposition of the great arteries?

Answer 49

Transposition of the great arteries is a congenital cardiac defect condition in which the aorta is connected to the right ventricle instead of the left, and the pulmonary artery is connected to the left ventricle instead of the right, mixing oxygenated and de-oxygenated blood. A septal defect or a PDA must exist in order to oxygenate the blood

Question 50

What are the acute phase clinical manifestations of Kawasaki disease?

Answer 50

In the acute phase, Kawasaki disease manifest itself with the onset of high fever that is unresponsive to antipyretics, with the development of other manifestations such as: 1) irritability 2) red eyes without drainage 3) bright red, chapped lips 4) strawberry tongue with white coating or red bumps 5) red oral mucous membranes with inflammation including pharynx 6) swelling of hand and feet with red palms and soles 7) non blistering rash 8) enlarged lymph nodes 9) desquamation (skin peeling) of the perineum 10) cervical lymphadenopathy 11) cardiac manifestations

Question 51

What congenital heart defects that decrease pulmonary blood flow?

Answer 51

There are two congenital heart defects that decrease pulmonary blood flow: 1) Tetralogy of Fallot, 2) Tricuspid atresia

Question 52

What are the clinical manifestations of tricuspid atresia in an infant?

Answer 52

Clinical manifestation of tricuspid atresia in an infant are 1) cyanosis at birth, progressive cyanosis over the first year of life 2) systolic murmur 3) Episodes of acute cyanosis and hypoxia (tet spells)

Question 53

What is a Ventricular Septal Defect? (VSD)

Answer 53

Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) is a defect that increase pulmonary blood flow via a hole in the septum between the right and left ventricle that results in increased pulmonary blood flow (left-to-right-shunt)

Question 53

When educating the parents and child about management of diabetes mellitus, the nurse should advise them to contact the provider when?

Answer 53

The nurse should instruct the parents and child to contact the provider when: 1) blood glucose is greater than 240 mg/dL 2) positive ketones in the urine 3) the child is disoriented or confused 4) rapid breathing is experienced 5) vomiting occurs more than once 6) liquids cannot be tolerated

Question 54

What is anaphylatic shock?

Answer 54

Anaphylatic shock results from a hypersensitivity to a foreign substance that leads to massive vasodialtion and capillary leak and can occur in response to an allergy to latex, or drugs, insect stings, or blood transfusions.

Question 56

What are the 5 types of skin infections and infestations?

Answer 56

``` The five types of skin infections include Bacterial Viral Fungal Anthropoid bites Infestations ```

Question 57

What is used to treat infective (bacterial) endocarditis?

Answer 57

Infective (bacterial) endocarditis is usually treated with high-dose anti-infectives given for 2 to 8 weeks via IV

Question 57

What are the clinical manifestations of digoxin toxicity?

Answer 57

Digoxin toxicity is evidenced by 1) bradycardia 2) dysrhythmias 3) nausea, 4) vomiting 5) anorexia

Question 58

What is tricuspid atresia?

Answer 58

Triscuspid atresia is an obstructive congenital cardiac defect manifesting itself as a complete closure of the tricuspid valve that results in mixed blood flow. An atrial septal opening needs to be present to allow blood to enter the left atrium.

Question 58

What is long acting insulin?

Answer 58

Long acting insulin is usually taken 1x a day in the morning before meals. There is no peak time, and it last 24 hours

Question 60

What is the level of understanding of a hospitalized infant?

Answer 60

The hospitalized infant is: 1) Unable to describe the illness of follow directions 2) Lack the understanding of the need for therapeutic procedures

Question 60

What are the clinical manifestations of Kawasaki disease in the subacute phase?

Answer 60

In the sub-acute phase, Kawasaki disease manifest as 1) gradual resolution of fever 2) irritability 3) peeling skin around the nails, on the palms and soles 4) temporary arthritis

Question 61

What is truncus arteriosus?

Answer 61

Truncus arteriosus is a congenital cardiac defect in which there is a failure of septum formation, resulting in a single vessel that comes of the ventricles, mixing oxygenate and de-oxygenated blood.

Question 62

What is hypoplastic left heart syndrome?

Answer 62

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome is a mixed blood congenital cardiac defect where the left side of the heart is underdeveloped. An Atrial septal defect or patent foramen ovale allows for oxygenation of the blood.

Question 63

What are nursing interventions for poisonous plant exposure?

Answer 63

Nursing interventions for poisonous plant exposure include: 1) Cleanse exposed area as soon as possible with cold running water, then soap and water shower 2) clothes, shoes should be cleansed in hot water with detergent 3) apply calamine lotion, burrow solution compress, or natural colloidal oatmeal baths. 4) use topical corticosteroid gel 5) oral corticosteroid for severe reactions or for irritation on the face, neck, or genitalia,

Question 64

What is pulmonary stenosis?

Answer 64

Pulmonary stenosis is an obstructive defect causing a narrowing of the pulmonary valve or artery that results in obstruction of blood flow from the ventricles.

Question 64

What is Diabetes mellitus?

Answer 64

Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder characterized by a partial or complete metabolic deficiency of insulin.

Question 65

What are the clinical manifestation of coarctation of the aorta?

Answer 65

Clinical manifestations of coarctation of the aorta include 1) elevated blood pressure in the arms 2) bounding pulses in the upper extremities 3) decreased blood pressure in the lower extremities 4) cool skin of lower extremities 5) weak or absent femoral pulses 6) heart failure in infants 7) dizziness, headaches, fainting, or nosebleeds in older children

Question 65

What is Tetralogy of Fallot?

Answer 65

Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital cardiac defect manifesting as four defects together that result in mixed blood flow: 1) Pulmonary stenosis 2) Ventricular septal defect 3) Overriding aorta 4) Right ventricular hypertrophy

Question 67

What are the types of fungal infections?

Answer 67

``` There are five types of fungal infections, including: Tinea capitis Tinea corporis Tinea cruris Tinea pedis Candidiasis ```

Question 68

What are nurse teachings in reference to exercise and the child with diabetes mellitus?

Answer 68

Nurse teaching regarding exercise and the child with diabetes mellitus include: 1) children active with team sports will require a snack 30 min prior to activity 2) Prolonged actives will require food intake every 45-60 min 3) adjustment of diet and insulin can be required with changes in activity.

Question 69

What is cardiogenic shock?

Answer 69

Cardiogenic shock occurs from impaired cardiac function that leads to a decrease in cardiac output.

Question 71

Why is Digoxin used?

Answer 71

Digoxin is used to improve the myocardial contractility.

Question 72

What are the clinical manifestations of truncus arteriosus?

Answer 72

Clinical manifestation of truncus arteriosus are 1) heart failure 2) murmur 3) variable cyanosis 4) lethargy 5) fatigue 6) poor feeding habits

Question 73

What are the clinical manifestation of aortic stenosis in infants?

Answer 73

Clinical manifestations of aortic stenosis in infants are: 1) faint pulses 2) hypotension 3) tachycardia 4) poor feeding tolerance

Question 76

What is intermediate acting insulin?

Answer 76

Intermediate acting insulin can be taken 1 to 2 hours before meal, peaks between 6 to 14 hours, duration 16 - 24 hours

Question 77

What is the impact of hospitalization on an infant

Answer 77

The hospitalized infant 1) experiences stranger anxiety between 6 and 18 mos of age. 2) displays physical behaviors as expressions of discomfort and inability to verbalize 3) can experience sleep deprivation due to strange noises, monitoring devices, and procedures 4) can experience anxiety due to strange environment or fear of the unknown.

Question 78

What is Kawasaki disease?

Answer 78

Kawasaki disease is an acute systemic vasculitis (inflammation of the blood vessels).

Question 79

What is the pathophysiology of defects that increase pulmonary blood flow?

Answer 79

Defects with increased pulmonary blood flow allow blood to shift from the high pressure left side of the heart to the right, lower pressure side of the heart. 1) increased pulmonary blood volume on the right side of the heart increases pulmonary blood flow. 2) These defects include signs and symptoms of heart failure.

Question 80

What is the protocol when mixing rapid- or short-acting insulin with a longer-acting insulin.

Answer 80

When mixing rapid- or short-acting insulin with a longer-acting insulin you: 1) draw up the shorter-acting insulin into the syringe first 2) draw up the longer-acting insulin second.

Question 81

What is a Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?

Answer 81

A patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a cardiac defect that increase pulmonary blood flow when the normal fetal circulation conduit between the pulmonary artery and the aorta fails to close and results in increased pulmonary blood flow (left-to-right-shunt).

Question 82

What are the risk factors for Diabetes mellitus?

Answer 82

The risk factors for diabetes mellitus are 1) Genetics 2) Toxins and viruses. 3) obesity and other lifestyle choices

Question 83

What is an obstructive defect?

Answer 83

1) An obstructive defect are those where blood flow exiting the heart meets an areas of narrowing (stenosis), which causes obstruction of blood flow. 2) The pressure that occurs before the defect is increased (ventricle) and the pressure that occurs after the defect is decreased. 3) Children with these defects present with signs of heart failure.

Question 84

How do defects that decrease pulmonary blood flow affect the heart?

Answer 84

Defects that decrease pulmonary blood flow 1) have an obstruction of pulmonary blood flow and an anatomic defect (ASD or VSD) between the right and left sides of the heart. 2) a right to left shunt occurs allowing de-oxygenated blood to enter the systemic circulation. 3) cause hypercyanotic spells (tet spells) manifest as acute cyanosis or hypernea.

Question 85

What steps should the nurse instruct the family to take if they suspect the child is hypoglycemic?

Answer 85

The nurse should instruct the family to do the following: 1) check blood glucose levels 2) treat with 10 to 15 g simple carbs (1 tbsp sugar) (Can use milk or juice for milder reactions) 3) monitor blood glucose frequently 4) follow with complex carbohydrate 5) if child is unconscious or unable to swallow, administer glucagon SC or IM; administer simple carb as soon as able to tolerate. Watch for vomiting and take aspiration precautions ‘

Question 89

What is Diabetes mellitus type 2?

Answer 89

Diabetes mellitus type 2 is an endocrine disorder characterized by the body’s inability to utilize insulin properly combined with insulin insufficiency.

Question 90

What are nursing interventions for a child in Diabetic Ketoacidosis?

Answer 90

Nursing interventions in order of priority: 1) admit to the ICU 2) obtain venous access 3) Assess 4) Rapid isotonic replacement to maintain vital organ perfusion 5) monitor for evidence of fluid volume excess and cerebral edema 6) hourly glucose monitoring 7) administer oxygen to cyanotic clients or 02 stat are less than 80%

Question 91

During a DKA crisis, what should the nurse assess for?

Answer 91

During DKA, a nurse should assess for (in order of priority) 1) ketone levels in the blood and urine 2) blood glucose 3) Labs: Glucose, electrolytes, BUN, ABG, CBC 4) fruity scent to the breath 5) mental confusion 6) mental confusion 7) dyspnea 8) nausea and vomiting 9) dehydration 10) weight loss 11) electrolyte imbalances

Question 92

A nurse is reviewing sick-day management with a parent of a child who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching? (select all that apply) 1) monitor blood glucose every 3 hr 2) discontinue taking insulin until feeling better 3) drink 8 hr of fruit juice every hour 4) test urine for ketones 5) call the provider if blood glucose is greater than 240 mg/dl.

Answer 92

When reviewing sick day management, the nurse should include in the teaching: 1) monitor blood glucose every 3 hours 4) test urine for ketones 5) call the provider if blood glucose is greater than 240 mg/dL

Question 93

A nurse is teaching a child who has type 1 diabetes mellitus about self-care. Which of the following statements by the child indicates understanding of the teaching? 1) I should skip breakfast when I am not hungry 2) I should increase my insulin with exercise 3) I should drink a glass of milk when I am feeling irritable 4) I should draw up the NPH insulin into the syringe before the regular insulin.

Answer 93

When teaching a child who has type 1 diabetes mellitus about self-care, the following statement indicates to the nurse the the child understands: 3) I should drink a glass of milk when I am feeling irritable.

Question 94

A nurse is caring for a child who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following are manifestations of diabetic ketoacidosis? 1) blood glucose of 58 mg/dL 2) weight gain 3) dehydration 4) mental confusion 5) fruity breath.

Answer 94

The following are manifestations of diabetic ketoacidosis: 3) dehydration 4) mental confusion 5) fruity breath

Question 95

A nurse is teaching a school-age child who has diabetes mellitus about insulin administration. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching? 1) "you should inject the needle at a 30-degree angle" 2) You should combine glargine and regular insulin in the same syringe." 3) " You should aspirate for blood before injecting insulin." 4) "you should give four or five injections in one area before switching sites.

Answer 95

When teaching a school-age child who has diabetes mellitus about insulin administration, the nurse should include the following statement in the teaching: 4) you should give four or five injections in one area before switching sites.

Question 96

A nurse is teaching an adolescent who has diabetes mellitus about manifestation of hypoglycemia. Which of the following findings should the nurse include in the teaching? (select all that apply) 1) increased urination 2) hunger 3) signs of dehydration 4) irritability 5) sweating and pallor 6) Kussmaul respiration

Answer 96

The nurse should include the following findings about the manifestation of hypoglycemia in her teaching of an adolescent who has diabetes mellitus: 2) hunger 4) Irritability 5) sweating and pallor

Question 97

What is human growth hormone?

Answer 97

Human growth hormone is a naturally occurring substance found in the pituitary gland.

Question 98

What bodily functions is human growth hormone responsible for?

Answer 98

Human growth hormone (GH) is responsible for: 1) normal growth 2) development 3) cellular metabolism

Question 99

What other hormones work with GH to control metabolic process?

Answer 99

Other hormones that work with human growth hormone (GH) to control metabolic process are: 1) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 2) thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) 3) gonadotropins: follicle-stimulating hormone and lutenizing hormone.

Question 100

What is hypopituitarism?

Answer 100

Hypopituitarism is the diminished or deficient secretion of pituitary hormones.

Question 101

What are the risk factors for hypopituitarism?

Answer 101

The risk factors for hypopituitarism are: 1) structural factors (tumors, trauma, defects, surgery) 2) heredity disorders 3) other pituitary deficiencies (deficiency of TSH/ATCH) 4) most GH deficiencies are idiopathic.

Question 102

What are clinical manifestations of hypopituitarism?

Answer 102

Clinical manifestations of hypopituitarism are: 1) Short stature but proportional 2) delayed epiphyseal closure 3) increased insulin sensitivity 4) underdeveloped jaw 5) delayed sexual development