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NRSG 110 > ATI 3&4 > Flashcards

ATI 3&4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of health policy?

A

Health policy includes the laws and government decisions intended to achieve specific health care goals based on decisions, plans, and actions. It also includes the actions taken to address an issue and the process by which this happens.

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2
Q

What are the three levels at which health policy can be implemented?

A

National, state, and local levels.

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3
Q

How does health policy affect nursing practice?

A

Health policy regulates nursing practice, impacting every aspect of health care including becoming and working as a nurse; access to and funding of quality health care; and the health and safety of each individual.

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4
Q

Name three ways that nurses are involved in health policy.

A

Nurses can influence policy, contribute to decision-making, and participate in political processes. They also advocate for patients and for health policy.

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5
Q

What is the role of the State Board of Nursing?

A

It regulates the education of nurses, oversees nursing programs, and approves nursing instructors. It also grants licensure upon completion of an approved program and passing the NCLEX.

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6
Q

What are the three organizations that accredit nursing programs in the U.S.?

A

The National League for Nursing (NLN), the Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing (ACEN), and the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN).

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7
Q

What is the purpose of accreditation for nursing programs?

A

To demonstrate quality and ensure the program meets competency standards.

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8
Q

What is the Nurse Practice Act?

A

The law that governs the scope and standards of nursing practice in each state. It defines the authority of the state board of nursing and identifies types of licenses and titles for nurses.

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9
Q

What is the Nurse Licensure Compact (NLC)?

A

An agreement allowing nurses to have one multistate license, with the ability to practice in other states that participate in the compact.

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10
Q

Define telehealth.

A

The use of technology to deliver nursing care remotely.

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11
Q

What is endorsement in nursing licensure?

A

Being granted a single-state license based on reciprocity for nurses who have passed the NCLEX.

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12
Q

Name two benefits of joining a professional nursing organization.

A

Connecting with other nurses, highlighting membership on a resume, obtaining scholarships, and having access to scholarly literature, as well as promoting health policy.

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13
Q

What is the American Nurses Association (ANA)?

A

A professional organization that advances the nursing profession by protecting the interests of nurses, promoting a safe and ethical work environment, and advocating on healthcare issues that affect the public.

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14
Q

What is the role of a nurse as an advocate?

A

Speaking up for clients’ needs when they are unable to speak for themselves and supporting clients to make choices for their own health.

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15
Q

What is nurse staffing?

A

The process of determining the correct number and skill mix of nurses for the number and acuity of clients needing care.

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16
Q

What is the nurse-to-patient ratio?

A

The number of clients each nurse is assigned.

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17
Q

What is the role of The Joint Commission (TJC)?

A

It accredits health care delivery facilities to ensure they are maintaining standards of excellence. TJC also publishes National Patient Safety Goals and information on sentinel events.

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18
Q

What is the Magnet Recognition Program?

A

A program that recognizes health care organizations that provide excellence in nursing care throughout the facility.

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19
Q

What are organizational policies and procedures (P&Ps) in healthcare?

A

Written guidelines that outline the standard of care that meets regulatory and accreditation requirements and promotes safety.

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20
Q

What is the role of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)?

A

To require employers to provide protection for employees who may be exposed to blood and body fluids, and to minimize exposure to sharps.

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21
Q

Define determinants of health.

A

Factors that impact health other than healthcare services, including location, environment, genetics, income, relationships, and gender.

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22
Q

What is Health in All Policies (HiAP)?

A

An approach to public policy making that systematically accounts for the health implications of all decisions.

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23
Q

What is the purpose of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA)?

A

To provide affordable health coverage to each person in the United States.

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24
Q

What are essential health benefits under the ACA?

A

A mandatory list of benefits that are required under any health insurance plan, including services like emergency care, hospitalization, maternity care, and mental health services.

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25
What does it mean to be underinsured?
Having insurance but paying more than 10% of annual income, or 5% if below the poverty level, on health care costs out-of-pocket.
26
What does it mean to be uninsured?
People without health insurance coverage.
27
What is the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)?
Legislation to protect individual health insurance coverage through portability, to establish national standards for electronic health care transactions, and to safeguard clients’ protected health information (PHI).
28
What is the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act?
Legislation to promote the use of information technology in health care settings and strengthen HIPAA by improving privacy and security protections.
29
What is the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA)?
A law to prevent 'patient dumping' by ensuring that any individual who presents to an emergency department will receive, at minimum, a medical screening examination and treatment until stabilized.
30
What is the Patient Self-Determination Act?
Requires health care organizations to inform clients of their rights to make decisions regarding their care and to indicate whether the client has made an advance directive.
31
What is a living will?
A legal document that allows individuals to decide what lifesaving measures they desire towards the end of life.
32
What is a durable power of attorney for health care?
A legal document that allows an individual to choose a designated person, a proxy, to make health care decisions on their behalf.
33
What is the Controlled Substances Act?
Federal legislation that regulates substances that have the potential for abuse by placing them in one of five schedules.
34
Define diversion in the context of controlled substances.
When a health care professional replaces a controlled substance with another and takes the substance for personal use.
35
What is the Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act?
Legislation that ensures individuals with mental illness receive coverage equal to those with medical illness or need for surgical intervention.
36
What is the Newborns’ and Mothers’ Health Protection Act?
A law that requires group health plans to pay for a 48-hour hospital stay or 96-hour stay in the case of cesarean birth.
37
What is the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)?
Legislation that prohibits discrimination against individuals living with a physical or mental impairment that substantially hinders life activities.
38
What is the Uniform Anatomical Gift Act?
A law that prohibits another person from revoking the consent of an organ donor after death.
39
What is the Omnibus Reconciliation Act?
A law that provides for regulation and oversight of long-term care facilities in an effort to protect residents.
40
What are health disparities?
Preventable differences in incidence and prevalence of disease, injury, or violence among populations based on race, ethnicity, gender, gender identity, LGBTQIA status, age, or socioeconomic status.
41
What is health inequity?
Unjust, avoidable, uneven distribution of resources that impact health, stemming from systemic racism and discrimination of marginalized groups based on race, ethnicity, gender, gender identity, LGBTQIA status, and low socioeconomic status.
42
What is health equity?
Valuing all individuals equally and removing obstacles to optimal health and health care across different populations.
43
What is social justice in health care?
Change in health policy aimed at analysis and critique of social structures, laws, and customs that harm groups through exclusion.
44
What are deductibles?
A fixed amount of money a client must pay before health insurance begins to cover, calculated annually.
45
What are copays?
A fixed amount a consumer pays for health care typically at the time services are received.
46
What is Medicare?
Federally funded insurance for individuals older than 65 years, who have had a disability for two years, or with certain diagnoses.
47
What are the four parts of Medicare?
Part A (inpatient), Part B (outpatient), Part C (Advantage plan), and Part D (prescription medications).
48
What is Medicaid?
A program that covers individuals younger than age 65 with a disability or those with socioeconomic hardship.
49
What is the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP)?
Insurance for children up to age 19 whose families may earn too much to qualify for Medicaid but cannot afford private insurance.
50
What are Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs)?
Networks of providers of health care services that join together to share the costs and coordination of services for a population.
51
What is the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)?
A US Department of Health and Human Services agency that oversees Medicare, Medicaid, and CHIP.
52
What is the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)?
An agency that helps the healthcare industry maintain and improve safety, quality, accessibility, and affordability through its provision of evidence.
53
What is a culture of safety in healthcare?
A systems approach to change that leads to safer procedures taking blame away from individuals who make errors based on systems issues.
54
What is the role of the Administration on Aging (AoA)?
To protect the concerns and interests of older adults and the people who provide their care.
55
What is the role of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)?
To serve as an official authority on disease processes, injury and violence, and overall health and safety of the public.
56
What is the role of the Administration for Children and Families (ACF)?
To advise on issues such as child care, child welfare, child support enforcement, and family assistance.
57
What is the role of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)?
To protect consumers’ health by ensuring the safety and quality of many products including medications, vaccines, and food.
58
What is the Indian Health Service (IHS)?
To raise the health of American Indians and Alaska Natives to the highest level.
59
What is the role of the National Institutes of Health (NIH)?
To obtain and apply knowledge about health, life, illness, and disability through research.
60
What is the role of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)?
To provide leadership through programs, policies, information, data, and personnel to reduce the impact of mental illness and substance abuse.
61
What is the role of the Department of Defense (DOD) in health care?
To provide health care to military personnel, their families, and retirees, and to protect the public from infectious disease threats.
62
What is the role of the Department of Labor in health care?
To provide oversight to protect consumers’ interests with regard to health insurance benefits and nurses’ interests and safety.
63
What is the role of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)?
To set and enforce safe and healthful working conditions for nurses and workers.
64
What is the role of the Department of Agriculture (USDA)?
To support farmers, ranchers, foresters, and producers and to ensure a safe and secure food supply.
65
What is the role of the Department of Justice in health care?
To enforce laws and seek justice for those guilty of unlawful behavior, such as health care fraud.
66
What is epidemiology?
The study of the incidence and prevalence of illness and injury.
67
What is incidence?
The number of individuals newly afflicted with an illness or injury, expressed as a percentage of a larger population.
68
What is prevalence?
The number of individuals who have an illness or injury at a given point in time, expressed as a percent of a larger population.
69
What is morbidity?
The number of individuals affected by a specific illness or injury.
70
Define sentinel event.
An adverse event that should never occur.
71
What is the purpose of the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA)?
To improve the quality of healthcare through the development of evidence-based standards for care.
72
What is the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC)?
An organization that supports nurses to improve client care through education, certifications, and professional designations.
73
What is the Magnet Recognition Program?
A program that recognizes acute care facilities that demonstrate excellence in nursing based upon meeting standards in five categories.
74
What are the five main goals of the Magnet Recognition Program?
Structural empowerment, exemplary professional practice, new knowledge, innovations, or improvements, transformational leadership, and empirical outcomes.
75
What is the Pathway to Excellence Program®?
A program for long-term or outpatient facilities to recognize excellence in nursing.
76
What is the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS)?
A standardized survey used to measure client satisfaction in acute care facilities.
77
What is the Press Ganey survey?
A survey tool designed to evaluate the client's perception of their experience within the outpatient setting of the health care system.
78
What is private insurance?
Insurance coverage that is not provided by a government agency.
79
What is the fee for service (FFS) system?
Reimbursement payments made to service providers based on the volume of services delivered.
80
What are diagnosis-related groups (DRGs)?
A fixed payment system for reimbursement for health care services based upon client diagnosis and procedures performed.
81
What is the inpatient prospective payment system (IPPS)?
A method of standardized insurance reimbursement based on the client’s diagnosis and procedures performed within the acute care setting.
82
What is the Hospital-Acquired Condition Reduction Program (HACRP)?
A program instituted by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid (CMS) to increase the quality of care in health care facilities. This program denies reimbursement for services associated with specific health care-acquired infections.
83
What are hospital-acquired infections (HAIs)?
An infection a client develops during an admission to an acute care facility.
84
What are resource utilization groups (RUGs)?
A fixed payment system for reimbursement of health care services provided in the long-term care setting based upon client diagnosis and services required.
85
What is the Minimum Data Set (MDS)?
A clinical assessment of a client’s physical and cognitive status required to be conducted on nursing home residents who receive Medicare and Medicaid benefits.
86
Define social determinants of health (SDOH).
Factors that impact health other than health care services, including location, environment, genetics, income, relationships, and gender.
87
What is a public health nurse?
A nurse who cares for the community to improve the health of that entire population.
88
Define acute care.
Care that requires treatment in an emergency department or an overnight stay in a facility.
89
What is a long-term care (LTC) facility?
A facility that cares for clients who do not need specific nursing skills but rather a place to live.
90
What is a skilled nursing facility (SNF)?
A facility that provides short-term rehabilitation care and oversight for activities of daily living.
91
What is a long-term care hospital (LTCH)?
A facility that specializes in clients who require hospitalization for long-term illnesses.
92
What is assisted living?
A type of care that provides services for clients who are mostly independent but need assistance with some part of their daily life.
93
What is hospice care?
Services provided to clients when it is determined the client has less than six months to live.
94
What is palliative care?
Services provided to clients to promote comfort while in the last stages of life, that can be received during active treatment.
95
What is respite care?
Care that allows the client to be cared for apart from the caregiver, to allow the caregiver a break.
96
What is home care?
The delivery of continued health care services within the client's home.
97
What is an Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN)?
A registered nurse who has completed advanced education in a specialty and passed the associated certification examination.
98
What is the role of a case manager?
To collaborate with health care team members and the client to ensure the treatment plan meets the client’s needs and provides quality, cost-effective care.
99
What is the role of a dentist?
To diagnose and treat issues within the oral cavity.
100
What is the role of a dietitian?
To advise clients about healthy food choices and recommend therapeutic diets.
101
What is a Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN)?
A nurse who has completed a state-approved program and passed a national licensure exam.
102
What is the role of a naturopathic physician?
To treat clients by prescribing more natural methods.
103
What is the role of an occupational therapist (OT)?
To assist clients to either recover or develop new skills to maintain daily living and return to work.
104
What is the role of an emergency medical technician (EMT)?
To administer care and stabilization for clients who have emergency medical situations in the community.
105
What is the role of pastoral services?
To assist with meeting the client's/family's spiritual or religious needs.
106
What is the role of a pharmacist?
To prepare and dispense medications, check for interactions, and educate clients on how to take medications.
107
What is the role of a physical therapist?
To assist clients in their recovery from injury or illness, improve movement, and alleviate pain.
108
What is the role of a physician?
To diagnose and treat illness, prescribe medications and therapies, and interpret diagnostic testing.
109
What is the role of a physician assistant (PA)?
To work under the direction of a physician, and treat, diagnose, and prescribe medications and other treatments.
110
What is the role of a respiratory therapist?
To treat clients with chronic or acute diseases of the lung, and manage oxygenation devices and ventilator machines.
111
What is the role of a registered nurse (RN)?
To assess clients, provide and evaluate care, collaborate with the interprofessional health care team, and provide education.
112
What is the role of a social worker?
To find solutions to client challenges and advocate for resources, and provide discharge planning solutions.
113
What is the role of a speech-language pathologist (SLP)?
To examine and treat clients who have communication or swallowing disorders.
114
What is the role of assistive personnel (AP)?
To assist clients with activities of daily living and obtain vital signs and fluid measurements.

NRSG 110 (3 decks)

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