Athletic Injuries: Spinal Column Flashcards
Kyphosis
increased thoracic curve rounded shoulder appearance associated with forward head posture
forward head posture
kyphotic posture with compensatory change in position of head/neck
flatback posture
caused by decreased lumbar curve and increased posterior pelvic tilt and hip flexion
swayback posture
anterior shifting of entire pelvis resulting in hip extension
lordosis
increased curve in the lumbar spine and increase both in anterior tilt of pelvis and in hip flexion
scoliosis
lateral curvature of spine can be functional or structural
Brachial plexus test
lateral flexion application of pressure on head and shoulder to recreate injury to brachial plexus
Cervical Compression/Spurlings test
axial compression of the cervical spine to compres facet joints and nerve roots determines which nerve root has been injured
Vertebral artery test
AT extends laterally bends and rotates the cervical spine in the same direction to test for dizzyness or abnormal eye movement
Slump test
assess pain in spine from multible positions to test neural tension
Kernig’s test
Pt is supine with knee and hip flexed to 90 degress looking for nerve root impingement
Brudzinski’s test
pt supine flexing the neck to indicate lumbar disk or nerve root irritation
Miligram test
lumbar nerve root test
Hoover test
can indicate malingering
Bowstring test
used to determine sciatic nerve irritation
FABER and FADIR tests
flexion, adduction and external rotation test for inguinal hip regiond
flexion adduction and internal rotation for lumbar pathology
Knees to chest test
lumbar spine test
cervical fractures
uncommon, often result of axial loading, immediate stabilization
cervical dislocation
uncommon, result of violent flexion and rotaton
cervical sprain (whiplash)
violent flexion, extension and rotation
Acute Torticollis (wryneck)
stiffneck or acute cervical joint lock, small piece of synovial membran is impinged causing spasm
Cervical spine stenosis
syndrome characterized by a narrowing of the spinal canal in the cervical region that can impinge the cord
Brachial Plexus Neuropraxia (burner/stinger)
disruption of nerve function without degeneration disrupts peripheral nerves
Scheuermann’s disease (dorsolumbar kyphosis
kyphosis that results from wedge fractures of 5 degrees or greater in three or more consecutive vertebral bodies associate with disk space abnormalities
Myofascial pain syndrome
defined as regional pain with referred pain to a specific area due to trigger points within a specific muscle
