Atherosclerotic Plaque

Question 1

Fate

Answer 1

Rupture, ulceration, or erosion of the luminal surface of atheromatous plaques exposes highly thrombogenic sub stances and induces thrombus formation

Rupture of the overlying f i brous cap or of the thin-walled vessels in the areas of neo vascularization can cause intra-plaque hemorrhage

theroembolism. Ruptured plaque can discharge debris into the blood, producing micro emboli composed of plaque contents.

Aneurysm formation. Atherosclerosis-induced pressure or ischemic atrophy of the underlying media, with loss of elastic tissue, causes structural weakening that can lead to aneurysmal dilation and rupture.

Question 2

acute plaque change
rupture
erosion
hemorrhage into atheroma

Answer 2

plaques at high risk are those that have high no of foam cells and thin fibrous caps

Question 3

ANEURYSM

Answer 3

Dilation of BV or the heart. true ones involve all 3 layers
false ones result in a hematoma that communicate w an extravascular space
classified by shape
saccular
5 to 20 cm
fusiform 20 cm

Question 4

DISSECTIONS

Answer 4

Pulsating blood prressurized gains access to the arterial wall thru a surface defect and pulls apart the underlying layers

Question 5

pathogenesis

Answer 5

inadequate CT synthesis. TGF B mutations receptors or receptors
marfan syndrome,
defective synthesis of fibrillin

inc bioavailabilibility

def type 3 collagen synthesis aneyryms formation is a hallmark of ED type 4

Question 6

Excessive CT degradation

Answer 6

inc matrix metalloproteinases expression by macrophages in atherosclerotic plaque can contribute to aneurysm development by degrading arterial ECM in the arterial wall
dec in hinbitors of metallop[roteinase

Question 7

• Loss of SMCs or change in the SMC synthetic phenotype

Answer 7

Atherosclerotic thickening of Atherosclerotic thickening of the intima can cause ischemia of the inner media by increasing the diffusion distance from the lumen. Conversely, systemic hyper-tension can cause luminal narrowing of the aortic vasa vasorum, leading to ischemia of the outer media intima can cause ischemia of the inner media by increasing the diffusion distance from the lumen. Conversely, systemic hyper-tension can cause luminal narrowing of the aortic vasa vasorum, leading to ischemia of the outer media