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Mechanisms Of Disease > Atheroma > Flashcards

Atheroma Flashcards

0
Q

Define Atherosclerosis

A

The thickening and hardening of arterial walls as a consequence of Atheroma

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1
Q

Define Atheroma

A

Accumulation of intracellular and extracellular lipid in the intima and media of large and medium sized arteries

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2
Q

Define Arteriosclerosis

A

The thickening of the walls of arteries and arterioles, usually as a result of hypertension or diabetes mellitus

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3
Q

List the layers of the arterial wall from inside to out

A 
Endothelium
Sub-endothelial connective tissue
Internal Elastic Lamina
Muscular Media
External Elastic Lamina
Adventitia
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4
Q

What are the macroscopic features of Atheroma?

A

Fatty streak
Simple plaque
Complicated plaque

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5
Q

What is a fatty streak?

A

Lipid deposits in the intima of the blood vessel
Raised, yellow appearance
Considered precursor to Atheroma but exact relationship is debatable

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6
Q

What is a simple plaque?

A

Raised, yellow/white appearance
Irregular outline
Widely distributed
Enlarge and coalesce

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7
Q

What is a complicated plaque?

A

Result of thrombosis
Haemorrhage into the plaque
Calcification
Aneurysm formation

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8
Q

Describe aneurysm formation

A

Elastin is the elastic tissue is damaged so there is in elastic recoil - blood vessel continues to stretch with each contraction

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9
Q

List the early microscopic features of Atheroma

A
  • Proliferation of smooth muscle cells
  • Accumulation of foam cells
  • Extracellular lipid in arterial walls
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10
Q

List the later microscopic features of Atheroma

A 
Fibrosis
Necrosis
Cholesterol clefts
Ingrowth of blood vessels
Varied inflammatory content
Disruption of the internal elastic lamina which extends in to the media
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11
Q

List the common sites of Atheroma formation

A 
Aorta 
Coronary arteries
Carotid arteries 
Cerebral arteries
Leg arteries
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12
Q

What are the clinical effects of coronary heart disease?

A 
Angina Pectoris
Myocardial Infarction
Arrythmias
Cardiac failure
Sudden death
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13
Q

What are the clinical effects of Cerebral Ischaemia?

A

Transient ischaemic attack
Cerebral infarction (stroke)
Multi-Infarct Demetia

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14
Q

What are the clinical effects of Mesenteric Ischaemia?

A

Ischaemic colitis
Malabsorption
Intestinal infarction

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15
Q

What are the clinical effects of Peripheral Vascular Disease?

A

Intermittent Claudication
Leriche syndrome
Ischaemic rest pain
Collateral circulation

Mechanisms Of Disease (4 decks)

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