Athenaze Grammar Flashcards
What are the three principle parts?
Present/ Future active or middle/ Aorist active or middle
What is the movable “ν”?
used with the verb ἐστι(ν)
only when it is followed by a vowel or the last work of a clause
How many grammatical genders are in Ancient Greek?
there are three: Masculine, feminine and neuter
What is a definite article?
Used before singular and plural nouns when the noun is specific or particular.
may also translate as a possessive adjective.
English equivalent is “The”
What is the accusative case used for?
This case is used for the direct object of the verb E.g: ὁ ἄνθρωπος γεωργεῖ τὸν κλῆρον.
How many accents are in Ancient Greek?
Attic Greek has three kinds of accent marks: acute, grave, and circumflex.
what happens to the acute accent on the final syllable of a word?
The acute accent changes to a grave if the word is followed by a word that does not have an accent in it.
what happens to the acute accent on the last syllable of a word if followed by and enclitic?
the accent does not change but remains the same and the enclitic loses its accents.
What is the indicative mood?
it indicate whether an action is viewed as being real or factual.
What are the indicative present endings of -ω verbs.
1st person singular: - ω 2nd person singular: - εις 3rd person singular: - ει 1st person plural: - ομεν 2nd person plural: -ετε 3rd person plural: - ουσι(ν)
When are subject pronouns expressed?
they are expressed if they are showing or giving emphasis; expressing something forcibly and clearly.
what is a Proclitic?
a Proclitic goes before the word and sometimes stands alone.
what happens when the proclitic ού is followed by the enclitic εἰμί?
the enclitic retains its accent on its second syllable
What happens when οὐκ is followed by ἐστί(ν)?
the enclitic receives an acute accent on its first syllable. e.g ἔστι(ν)
What are the singular definite articles of the masculine grammatical gender?
nom: ὁ
gen: τοῦ
dat: τῳ
acc: τὸν
voc: ὦ
What are the singular case endings of the masculine grammatical gender?
Nom: -ὸς Gen: -οῦ Dat: -ῳ Acc: -ὸν Voc: -ὲ
Nouns and Adjectives have what kind of accents?
Persistent. ie. they remain the same as in the nominative case unless forced to change by one of several rules.
Adjectives change to grave if followed by a noun.
What is the infinitive form?
the infinitive form used in greek is shown by the -ειν for -ω verbs.
What are the plural definite articles in the masculine grammatical gender?
nom: οἰ
gen: τῶν
dat: τοῖς
acc: τοὺς
voc: ὦ
what are the plural case endings for the masculine grammatical gender?
nom: -οὶ
gen: -ῶν
dat: -οῖς
acc: -οὺς
voc: -οὶ
What is accent shifting?
it is when a word has an acute accent on the antepenultimate syllable because the ultimate has a short vowel. However, when the ultimate syllable finally does become long, the accent moves to the penultimate syllable. a caveat, if the accent rest on the penultimate syllable while the ultimate syllable is short then the accent becomes a circumflex.
What are the indicative verb forms of ἐσ-?
1st person singular: εἰμί* 2nd person singular: εἶ 3rd person singular: ἐστί(ν)* 1st person plural: ἐσμέν* 2nd person plural: ἐστέ* 3rd person plural: εἰσί(ν)*
