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BECOM 2 Test 1 Studyguife > Atchleys material > Flashcards

Atchleys material Flashcards

1
Q

what are the components of LPS

A
  1. O-antigen
  2. core polysaccharide
  3. inner lipid A
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2
Q

what are the proinflammatory components of endotoxin

A

TNF-alpha; IL-1

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3
Q

what is released when gram + rods are lysed

A

Lipid A

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4
Q

In what ways do enterotoxins cause diarrhea

A
  1. prevent resorption of NaCl
  2. secretion of NaCl
  3. kill intestinal epethelial cells
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5
Q

what is the purpose of TLR

A

initiate an immune response

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6
Q

how are microbes phagocytized

A

ROS and NO

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7
Q

what is the TLR for peptidiglycan

A

TLR-2

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8
Q

what is the TLR for lipopolysaccharides

A

TLR-4 and CD14

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9
Q

what is the TLR for flagellin

A

TLR5

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10
Q

where do siderophores steal iron from

A

transferrin, ferritin, and lactoferrin

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11
Q

What are the 4 anaerobes

A

Freaks Cant Breath Air

fusiform, clostridium, bacteroids, actinomyces

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12
Q

what are the spore forming bacteria

A

ABC

actinomyces, bacillus, clostridium

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13
Q

what do capsules prevent

A

phagocytosis

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14
Q

what do M proteins do

A

break down C3 convertase, preventing opsonization by C3

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15
Q

what bacteria uses M proteins

A

streptococcus pyogenes

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16
Q

what bacteria use protein A

A

staphylococus aureus

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17
Q

what does protein A do

A

binds to the Fc portion of IgG

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18
Q

what are the receptors that initiate TNF ALpha and IL-1

A

TLR and CD14

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19
Q

what is the active component of LPS

A

Lipid A

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20
Q

LOS is found in what bacteria

A

Neisseria meningitides (lacks O antigen)

21
Q

Includes LPS and LOS, component of gram negative bacteria that is released when the cell dies and is lysed

A

endotoxin

22
Q

proteins that are secreted by bacteria and harm the host

A

exotoxin

23
Q

what are some of the effects of exotoxins

A
  • inhibit protein synthesis
  • increase fluid secretion
  • inhibit phagocytosis
  • inhibit neurotransmitter release
  • lyse cell membrane
  • super antigens
24
Q

what are the functions of A/B

A

a-active component/toxin

b- binding component (cell-receptor)

25
Q

what toxin is produced by coryneum diphtheria

A

diphtheria toxin

26
Q

what is the mechanism of diphtheria toxin

A

ADP-ribosylation inactivates EF-2

27
Q

pseudomonas aeruginosa secretes what exotoxin

A

exotoxin A

28
Q

T/F diptheria and pseudomonas aeruginosa have similar mechanisms

A

True

29
Q

What is a super antigen and what does it do

A

non-specifically activate MASSIVE number sof T cells; binds APC to naive T4 lymphocytes

30
Q

what are the classic symptoms of toxic shock syndrome

A

fever, shock, sunburn, diarrhea

31
Q

what is the classic bacteria that causes toxic shock

A

staphylococcus aureus; from packed wound/tampons

32
Q

what bacterial pathogen causes the body to produce anti-streptolysin ) (ASO) antibodies

A

streptococcus pyogenes

33
Q

do yeast or molds prefer warm temps

A

yeast

34
Q

how do most antifungals workl

A

target ergosterols or inhibit synthesis pathway

35
Q

binds to ergosterol

A

polyene antimycotics

36
Q

T/F primary fungal pathogens affect immunoincompetent hosts

A

false; immunocompetent

37
Q

what are the primary fungal pathogens

A
  • blastomyces dermatidis
  • coccidioides immitis
  • histoplasma capsulatum
  • paracoccioides brasiliensis
38
Q

what is the fungi-like bacteria that produces sulfur granules

A

actinomyces israelli

39
Q

what is the bacteria like fungi that is acid-fast and commonly confused with TB

A

Nocadia asteroides

40
Q

parvoviru is an example of an

A

ssDNA virus

41
Q

which virus replicates in the cytoplasm

A

poxvirus

42
Q

which viruses have reverse transcriptase

A

Hep B and HIV

43
Q

orthomyxoviridae is involved with

A

influenza

44
Q

facilitates attachment and penetration of virus into hose cell

A

hemagluttinin

45
Q

assists the virion into entry and buddy host cell

A

neuraminidase

46
Q

what strains of the flu are the greatest risk to humans

A

H5N1 and H7N(

47
Q

what does HPV cause

A

cervial, penis, mouth, anus, throat, vaginal cancer

48
Q

causes liver cancer

A

Hep b/hep C

49
Q

what does HIV cause

A

kaposi sarcoma

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