ATC 2315 LAW + ATM Flashcards
Purpose and function of ICAO
- Create regulations for aviation and safety, security, efficiency and regularity and environmental protection
Annex 2 contains:
Rules of the air
Annex 11 contains:
Air traffic services
Standard are recognised by the verb:
Shall
Recommendations are recognised by the verb:
Should
contracting states are ***** to give notification of differences to standards
Required
Contracting states are ***** to notify differences from recommended practices in annexes
Invited
SARP’s
Standard and recommended practices’
PANS
Procedures for air navigation
SUPP’s
Regional Supplementary procedures
Purpose of eurocontrol
Creating the European unions vision for a single European sky.
- Network manager
- Support EU, EASA and international CAA
Purpose of EASA
- expert advice to the EU on the drafting new legislation
- developing, implementing and monitoring safety rules, including inspections in member states
(And many more)
AIP structure
Aeronautical information publication
- GEN (general)
- ENR (en-route)
- AD (aerodrome)
AIP update cycle
Revisions are produces every
- 56 days, called double AIRAC cycle
- 26 day, called single AIRAC cycle
Units of measurement
Vertical
Horizontal
Speed
Mass
Temp
Air pressure
Ft.
Meters (rvr) NM/km
Kts
Kg/lb
Degrees Celsius / Fahrenheit
Explain ATS
Air traffic services means a generic term meaning variously, FIS, alerting services, Air traffic advisory, air control service( area control, app control, aerodrome control)
Explain FIS
Flight information services: means a service provided for the purpose of giving advice and information useful for the safe and efficient conduct of flights
Alerting services
Alerting services means a service provided to notify appropriate organisations regarding aircraft in need of search and rescue aid, and assist such organisations as required
Air traffic advisory service
Means a service provided within advisory airspace to ensure separation, in so far as practical, between aircraft which are operating on IFR flight plans
Air traffic control services
- preventing collisions:
Between aircraft’s and on the manoeuvring area between aircraft and obstructions - Expediting and maintaining an orderly flow of air traffic
Minimum age to hold an ATC license
18 years old
To have a valid ATC license you must hold a valid medical class level?
Medical class 3 (civil)
Objectives of ATS
1 prevent collisions between aircraft
2. Prevent collisions between aircraft on the manoeuvring are and obstructions area
3. Expedite and maintain an orderly flow of air traffic
4. Provide advice and information useful for the safe and efficient conduct of flights
5. Notify appropriate organisations regarding aircraft in need of search and rescue aid, and assist such organisations as required
Luftrum A
(1) Class A. IFR flights only are permitted. All flights are provided with air traffic control service and are separated from each other.
Luftrum B
(2) Class B. IFR and VFR flights are permitted. All flights are provided with air traffic control service and are separated from each other.
Luftrum C
(3) Class C. IFR and VFR flights are permitted. All flights are provided with air traffic control service and IFR flights are separated from other IFR flights and from VFR flights. VFR flights are separated from IFR flights and receive traffic information in respect of other VFR flights
- VFR flights a speed limitation of 250 kts indicated airspeed (IAS) applies below 10 000 ftAMSL
Luftrum D
(4) Class D. IFR and VFR flights are permitted and all flights are provided with air traffic control service. IFR flights are separated from other IFR flights, receive traffic information in respect of VFR flights.
VFR flights receive traffic information in respect of all other flights
- flights and a speed limitation of 250 kts IAS applies to all flights below. 10 000 ftAMSL
Luftrum E
(5) Class E. IFR and VFR flights are permitted. IFR flights are provided with air traffic control service and are separated from other IFR flights. All flights receive traffic information, as far as is practical. speed limitation of 250 kts IAS applies to all flights below 10000 ft AMSL.
Luftrum F
(6) Class F. IFR and VFR flights are permitted. IFR flights receive an air traffic advisory service and all flights receive flight information service if requested.
speed limitation of 250 kts IAS applies to all flights below 10 000 ftAMSL
Luftrum G
(7) Class G. IFR and VFR flights are permitted and receive flight information service if requested. All IFR flights shall be capable of establishing air- ground voice communications. A speed limitation of 250 kts IAS applies to all flights below 10000 ft AMSL
Luftrum F is considered as?
Temporary
And should not be longer than 3 years
What airspace classifications does VFR flight have 250 kts below 10.000ft speed limitations ?
C, D, E, F, G
Airspace above FL 195 shall be classified as airspace ?
C
VMC minima above FL 100
8km sigt
1500meter horizontal
1000ft vertical
VMC minima below FL 100
5km sigt
1500meter horizontal
1000ft vertical
SVFR minima for takeoff/land
1,5 km sigt
Clear of clouds
Ground in sight
Sky base no lower than 600ft
Cruising levels
(a) flight levels, for flights at or above the lowest usable flightlevel or, where applicable, above the transition altitude;
(b) altitudes, for flights below the lowest usable flight level or, where applicable, at or below the transition altitude.
Forklar - Right of Way
a)
The aircraft that has the right
of way shall maintain its
heading and speed.
(b)
An aircraft that is aware that the manoeuvrability
of another aircraft is impaired shall give way to that aircraft.
(c)
An aircraft that is obliged by the following rules to keep
out of the way of another shall avoid passing over, under or in front of the other, unless it passes well clear and takes into account the effect of aircraft wake turbulence.
De 5 bud for ATS
a) prevent collisions between aircraft;
b) prevent collisions between aircraft on the manoeuvring area and obstructions on that area;
c) expedite and maintain an orderly flow of air traffic;
d) provide advice and information useful for the safe and efficient conduct of flights;
e) notify appropriate organizations regarding aircraft in need of search and rescue aid, and assist such
organizations as required.
Hvem modtager Alerting Service ?
a) To all aircraft provided with ATC service
b) As far as practicable, to all aircraft having filed a
flight plan or otherwise known to ATS; and
c) To any aircraft known or believed to be subject of
unlawful interference
Hvornår er man i INCERFA? (Uncertainty, phase 1)
1)
no communication has been received from an aircraft
within a period of thirty minutes after the time a
communication should have been received, or from the
time an unsuccessful attempt to establish
communication with such aircraft was first made,
whichever is the earlier, or when;
2)
an aircraft fails to arrive within thirty minutes of the
estimated time of arrival last notified to or estimated by
air traffic services units, whichever is the later, except
when no doubt exists as to the safety of the aircraft and
its occupants.
Hvornår er man i ALERFA (Alert, phase 2)
1) following the uncertainty phase, subsequent attempts to
establish communication with the aircraft or inquiries to other
relevant sources have failed to reveal any news of the aircraft,
or when
2) an aircraft has been cleared to land and fails to land within five
minutes of the estimated time of landing and communication
has not been re-established with the aircraft, or when
3) information has been received which indicates that the operating efficiency of the aircraft has been impaired, but not to
the extent that a forced landing is likely, except when evidence
exists that would allay apprehension as to the safety of the
aircraft and its occupants, or when
4) an aircraft is known or believed to be the subject of unlawful
interference.
Hvornår er man i DETRESFA?
(Distress, phase 3)
1) following the alert phase, further unsuccessful attempts to establish communication with the aircraft and more
widespread unsuccessful inquiries point to the probability that the aircraft is in distress, or when
2) the fuel on board is considered to be exhausted, or to be insufficient to enable the aircraft to reach safety, or when
3) information is received which indicates that the operating efficiency of the aircraft has been impaired to the extent that a forced landing is likely, or when
4) information is received or it is reasonably certain that the aircraft is about to make or has made a forced landing, except when there is reasonable certainty that the aircraft and its occupants are not threatened by grave and imminent danger and do not require immediate assistance.
AFTM ?
Air Traffic Flow management
“‘air traffic flow management’ means a function
established with the objective of contributing to a safe, orderly and expeditious flow of air traffic by ensuring
that ATC capacity is
utilised to the maximum extent possible, and that the traffic volume is compatible with the capacities declared by the appropriate air traffic
service providers;”
Strategic Flow Management takes place when ?
“Strategic Flow
Management takes
place seven days or
more”
Pre-Tactical Flow Management takes place when?
“Pre-Tactical Flow
Management is applied
during the six days
prior”
Tactical Flow management
“Tactical Flow
Management takes
place on the day”
When shallsepartion be applied?
- All flights in Class A airspace,
- IFR flights in Class A to E airspace,
- All flights in Class B airspace
- IFR & VFR flights in Class C airspace,
- IFR & SVFR
When shall separation be increased?
Requested by the pilot
Air Traffic Controller considers it necessary (e.g.
emergencies)
Directed by appropriate authorities
hvad indeholder Essential Traffic Information?
a) direction of flight of aircraft concerned;
b) type and wake turbulence category (if relevant) of
aircraft concerned
c) cruising level of aircraft concerned
Transition Level
“The lowest Flight Level available for use above the
Transition Altitude”.
Transition Altitude
The altitude at or below which the vertical position of an aircraft is controlled by reference to altitudes. The transition altitude is located at a fixed level and published in aeronautical information publications.
Transition
Layer
Ja det er sgu nok det imellem transition level og alt
defination af Height
height’ means the vertical distance of a level, a point
or an object considered as a point, measured from a
specified datum
defination af Altitude
altitude’ means the vertical distance of a level, a point
or an object considered as a point, measured from
mean sea level (MSL)
Defination af Elavation
Elevation. The vertical distance of a point or a
level, on or affixed to the
surface of the earth,
measured from mean
sea level
Defination af Flight Level
flight level (FL)’ means a surface of constant
atmospheric pressure which is related to a specific
pressure datum, 1013,2 hectopascals (hPa), and is
separated from other such surfaces by specific
pressure intervals
Hvor er QFE målt henne og hvor er QNH målt ?
QFE = Atmospheric
pressure at aerodrome
elevation (or at runway
threshold)
QNH = MSL
Når QFE (1015hPa) er Lavere end QNH (1035hPa) er QFE elavation så højere end QNH
Ja;
1035–1015 = 20 = 1 hPa per 30 feet = 20 x 30 = 600 feet.
