ATB Flashcards

1
Q

peniciliny obecne

A

betalaktamové ATB, betalaktamový kruh - vazba na transpeptidázy, karboxypeptidázy, PBP, účinné halvne na G+, nízká toxicita, cidní, ne do buněk

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2
Q

peniciliny rezistence

A

stafylokokové penicilinázy, amino, ureido karboxy

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3
Q

základní peniciliny

A

citlivé k betalaktamázám
acidolabilní - benzylpenicilin, prokainpenicilin, benzathin benzylpenicilin
acidostabilní - fenoxymethylpenicilin, benzathin fenoxymethylpenicilin, penamecilin

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4
Q

peniciliny rezistentní ke stafylokokovým penicilinázám

A

oxacilin, methicilin

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5
Q

aminopeniciliny

A

amoxicilin, ampicilin - UG, DC, enterococcus, H. pylori
kys. klavulanová + amoxicilin = AUGUMENTIN

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6
Q

ureidopeniciliny

A

piperalicin + tazobaktam = tazocin

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7
Q

Cefalosporiny

A

betalaktamy, betalaktamovy kruh, PBP, vyloučení močí, cidní, klesá účinnost G+, roste na G-

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8
Q

rezistence u cefalosporinu

A

enterokoky, listerie, MRSA, anaeroby, producenti ESBL

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9
Q

I. gen cefalosporiny

A

cefazolin, cefadroxil
S. aureus - chirurgicka profylaxe

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10
Q

II. gen cefalosporiny

A

cefoxitin, cefprozil
ne na GNFB, PS

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11
Q

III. gen cefalosporiny

A

cefotaxim, ceftriaxon
odolne k betalaktamazam
ne AmpC a ESBL
rezervni ATB

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12
Q

IV. gen cefalosporiny

A

cefepim
hlavne G-, rezistence k III. gen

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13
Q

V. gen cefalosporiny

A

ceftarolin
i MRSA, pneumokoky rezis k PNC

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14
Q

Karbapenemy

A

EMI imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem
odolné k beta-laktamázam,
ne IC, MRSA, enterokoky
rezervni ATB
rezistence karbapenemaz

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15
Q

Monobaktamy

A

aztreonam
aerobni G-
inhalačni na PS u CF
odolavaji betalaktamazam

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16
Q

karbapenemázy

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae - KPC
rozloži všechny betalaktamova ATB

17
Q

Tetracykliny

A

Tetracyklin, doxycyklin
vazba na 30S - inhibice proteosyntézy, nesmí s mlékem a antacidy, ukládá se do kostí, ne děti, přes placentu, hepatotoxické,
komunitní inf. - UG, DC, IC, zoonozy

18
Q

Glycylcyklin

A

Tigecyklin, eravacyklin
inf kuže, nezávažné polymikrob. inf

19
Q

Amfenikoly

A

chloramfenikol
vazba na 50S, staticky, do CNS, do IC, meningitidy, anaeroby, hematotoxicky, aplasticka anemie, gray baby syndrom

20
Q

Aminoglykosidy

A

GASP gentamycin, amikacin, streptomycin, paromycin
na 30S - blok iniciačniho komplexu, cidni, transport zavisly na kysliky, rezis: anaeroby, streptokoky, enterokoky, synergie s betalaktamy, zly prunik do tkani ze GIT, nefrotox, ototox

21
Q

Makrolidy

A

SREC - erythromycin, spiramycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin
vazba na 50S - blok elongace, spektrum jako PTEN, antagonisticky s PTEN a linkosamidy
ne do CNS, ano IC, G- a prvoky
rezist: MLS, zavisle na čase, staticke, nahrada za penicilin

22
Q

azalidy

A

azithromycin
jako makrolidy, koncentrace v fagocytech a lysozomech

23
Q

Linkosamidy

A

Linkomycin, Klindamycin
vazba na 50S, staticke, G+ - penicilinrezist stafylo, do kosti a šlach, ne CNS, pozor na přemnoženi Cl- difficile (rezist na linkosamidy) - pseudomembranozni kolitida, indikace: osteomyelitidy, abscesy, anaeroby, MSL rezist

24
Q

Streptograminy

A

Quinpristin, dalfopristin
a VRE, VRSA, MRSA, měkke tkane, inf kuže, G+, rezist: MLS

25
Q

Oxazolidinony

A

Linezolid
na 50S, staticke, G+, VRE, MRSA, VISA, VRSA, PNC rezist strepto, mykobak, vice tox pro MIT

26
Q

Glykopeptidy

A

vankomycin, teikoplanin, televancin
cidni, brani zesiťování peptidoglykanu, rezervni ATB, G+, oto a neurotox, rezist: VRE = vankomycin rezist enterokoky - gen VanA - laktát místo alaninu, vankomycin per os na c. difficile, nevstřebava se GIT,

27
Q

Polypeptidy

A

colistin, polymyxin B, bacitracin
kationicke detergenty, ruši fosfolipidovou membranu, cidni, G-tyčky, ps, nefrotox

28
Q

Ansamyciny

A

Rifampicin, Rifabutin, Rifamycin
blok transkripce, cidni, G+, lipofilni, mykobakteria, oranžovy moč, rychle rezist = v kombinaci

29
Q

Chinolony, Fluorochinolony

A

kys. nalidixová, kys. oxolinová, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, prulifloxacin
fragmentace DNA, DNA gyrasa (topoizomeraza), ne detem a tehotnym