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Science - 2021 > ATAR Mock Exam > Flashcards

ATAR Mock Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

State the structure of the Universe:

A

The Universe is made up of Galaxies. Each galaxy contains thousands of Planetary Systems, each of which is made up of Stars and Planets.

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2
Q

What is a Galaxy?

A

A Galaxy is a cluster of stars, dust, gas and matter.

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3
Q

Explain the Big Bang Theory

A

The Big Bang theory states that the Universe was created by an explosion or rapid inflation. Scientists believe that the Universe was packed into an infinitely small and dense spot (the singularity). This spot inflated and everything spread out to form the universe.

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4
Q

What is Red Shift of Light?

A

As light from distant galaxies travels towards Earth, its wavelength increases and shifts towards red. This occurs because distant galaxies are moving away from the Earth.

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5
Q

What is Cosmic Background Radiation?

A

Throughout the Universe, there is a very low energy radiating in every direction. This is Cosmic Background Radiation. This radiation is the afterglow of the Big Bang.

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6
Q

What is a Star?

A

A star is a bright shining sphere of Plasma. Stars produce their own light by burning hydrogen.

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7
Q

State the Life cycle of a main-sequence star:

A

Stella Nebula>Average Star>Red Giant>Planetary Nebula>White Dwarf>Black Dwarf

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8
Q

State the life-cycle of a Massive Star:

A

Stellar Nebular>Massive Star>Massive Supergiant>Supernova>Neutron Star/Black Hole

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9
Q

What did Ancient Civilizations use Stars for?

A

Ancient Aztecs used Stars as a compass, a map and as calendars.

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10
Q

State the sequence of the Water Cycle:

A

Evaporation>Transpiration>Condensation>Precipitation>Runoff and Collection>Infiltration>Absorption>Groundwater

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11
Q

What is Transpiration?

A

When water evaporates from plants’ leaves.

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12
Q

Explain the stages of the Nitrogen cycle:

A

Atmospheric Nitrogen is converted into Nitrates (Nitrogen Fixation)>Bacteria converts ammonia into useable nitrates (Nitrification)>Dead matter is broken down into ammonia (Ammonification)>Plants absorb nitrates into the soil (assimilation)>Bacteria breaks down nitrates in the soil into N2 and release it into the air (Denitrification)

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13
Q

Describe the Carbon Cycle:

A

Carbon is released into the atmosphere when burning fossil fuels (Combustion)>Carbon is absorbed by producers/plants (Photosynthesis)>Carbon particles are passed to herbivores (Consumption)>Carbon dioxide enters the atmosphere via cellular respiration (Metabolism)> Carbon dioxide is released when organisms break down. Carbon compounds can enter the soil and become fossils (Decomposition)

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14
Q

Do we dot-point in Science?

A

Yes!!

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15
Q

What is the chemical equation for Respiration?

A

O2 (Oxygen) + C6H12O6 (Glucose) - CO2 (Carbon dioxide) + H2O (Water)

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16
Q

What is Kinetic and Potential Energy?

A

Kinetic Energy is the Energy of movement, and Potential Energy is stored Energy.

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17
Q

What is an Energy Transformation?

A

When Energy is transformed, it changes from one form (or state) to another with the help of a device.

18
Q

What is Energy Transfer?

A

When Energy is Transferred it is passing from one object to another, while retaining its form (or type).

19
Q

What is the formula for Energy Efficiency?

A

EE = Total E/Useful E x 100

20
Q

What is the formula for calculating Kinetic Energy (Ek)?

A

1/2mv 2

21
Q

What is the formula for calculating Potential Energy (Ep)?

A

mgh

21
Q

What is the Law of Conservation of Energy?

A

The Law of conservation of Energy states that Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, only transferred and transformed.

23
Q

What is Gravity?

A

Gravity is the force of attraction between two objects with mass.

24
Q

What is weight?

A

Weight is the result of gravity pulling on an object. Weight is measured in Newtons.

25
Q

What is mass?

A

Mass is mount of matter in an object. Mass is measured in kilograms.

26
Q

What is the formula for calculating weight?

A

Weight = Mass x Gravity

27
Q

What is tension?

A

Tension is the force created when two objects pull on a third object.

28
Q

What is Net force?

A

Net force is the final amount of force when all factors contributing force to something are combined.

29
Q

What happens when Unbalanced Forces act on an object?

A

When Unbalanced Forces act on an object, it’s motion will change.

30
Q

What is motion?

A

Motion is the movement of an object and is caused by Unbalanced forces acting on an object.

31
Q

What is Normal Force?

A

Normal Force is a force that acts in an equal and opposite way to gravitational force, basically ‘pushing up’ against gravity.

32
Q

What is Velocity?

A

Velocity describes the speed and direction of motion. Speed is the distance traveled in a certain amount of time. Direction is the way a path an object uses. Velocity is measured in time per meters/second (m/s).

33
Q

What is the equation for Velocity?

A

Velocity = Distance/Time

34
Q

What is Acceleration?

A

Acceleration describes the change in an object’s velocity. Acceleration is measured in meters per second2 (m/s2)

35
Q

What is the equation for Acceleration?

A

Acceleration = Change in Velocity/Time

36
Q

What does Newton’s First Law ‘An object at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by Unbalanced forces. An object in motion continues in motion with the same speed and direction unless acted on by Unbalanced forces’ mean?

A

This means that objects want to keep doing what they’re doing. Objects resist changes to their state of motion.

37
Q

What does Newton’s seconds Law ‘An object accelerates when a force acts on an object with mass. The greater the mass of the object being accelerated, the more force needed to accelerate the object’ mean?

A

This means that more force is needed to move heavier objects. This law establishes the rule that F (Force) = m (Mass) x a (Acceleration)

38
Q

What does Newton’s third law ‘For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction’ mean?

A

This means that there is a force equal in size but opposite in direction for every force. In other words, when one object pushes on another object, the second object pushes back on the first object in the opposite direction equally as hard.

39
Q

What is Inertia?

A

Inertia is the tendency to resist change in motion.

40
Q

What is Momentum?

A

Momentum is the quantity of motion an object has. Momentum of an object depends on the object’s mass and velocity.

41
Q

What is the formula for calculating force?

A

Force = Mass x Acceleration

42
Q

What should you remember?

A

Ek = Ep

Science - 2021 (1 decks)

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