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ortho 2 > asymmetry > Flashcards

asymmetry Flashcards

1
Q

FACIAL ASYMETRY
* The face is never?
* Severe asymmetric development of the jaws to cause a problem is?
* How important is a patient’s frontal symmetry evaluation?
* Even the most esthetic faces are associated with?
* The individuals seeking orthodontic treatment, are often associated?

A
  • The face is never totally symmetrical.
  • Severe asymmetric development of the jaws to cause a problem is relatively rare.
  • A patient’s frontal symmetry evaluation is one of the most critical
    aspects in orthodontic diagnosis.
  • Even the most esthetic faces are associated with mild forms of facial
    asymmetry.
  • The individuals seeking orthodontic treatment, are often associated with facial asymmetries that may be greater that the acceptable norms
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2
Q

symmetric?

A

yes

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3
Q

symmetry?

A

no, canted occlusal plane

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4
Q

what pt type has more facial asymmetries?

A

more prevalent in ortho pts

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5
Q

Classification of Facial
Asymmetries

A
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6
Q

mandibular asymmetry cause

A

hyper/hypoplastic mandible/condyle

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7
Q

presentation of man asymmetries

A

typically a crossbite with nn-aligned dental midlines.
chin is deviated as well towards side without hyperplasia

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8
Q
A

hyperplastic condyle likely

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9
Q

etiologies of man asymmetry

A
  • PRENATAL CAUSES
  • GENETIC: Facial cleft syndromes- Unilateral cleft lip – cleft palate
  • CONGENITAL
  • POSTNATAL CAUSES
  • ENVIRONMENTAL
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10
Q

congential etiologies of man asym

A
  • Hemi-facial microsomia
  • Neurofibromatosis
  • Birth trauma
  • Intra-uterine pressure during pregnancy
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11
Q

hemi-facial microsomia

A

unequal growth patterns of face, one side WNL the other is absent

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12
Q
A

hemifacial microsomia

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13
Q
  • ENVIRONMENTAL cause man asymmetry
A
  • Trauma & infection
  • Muscle dysfunction
  • Functional deviations
  • TMJ derangements
  • Hemi-mandibular hypertrophy
  • Pathologies
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14
Q

diagnosing asymmetry

A
  • Patient Medical History
  • Clinical examination: Extra-oral examination and Intra-oral examination
  • Para-clinical examination
    • Radiographic examination
    • Photographic analysis
    • Digital videography
    • Articulated study models
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15
Q

frontal horizontal extra oral eval of symmetry

A

divide face into fifths
1/5=intra-alar distance
2nd portion: ala to lateral canthus
3rd portion: lateral canthus to ear

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16
Q

EXTRA-ORAL EVALUATION
* Vertical

A

face divided into thirds
supraorbital rim to tricium=1/3, also the most superior third
2nd portion: supraorbital rim to base of nose
3rd portion: base of nose to chin

17
Q

EXTRA-ORAL EVALUATION
* Sub-Mento Vertex

A

can eval septum

18
Q

EXTRA-ORAL EVALUATION
pupils

A
  • The pupils are assessed for level with the horizon
  • If level, then use as horizontal reference line
  • Inter-pupillary plane
19
Q

intra oral exam components:
* functional?
* Evaluation of ?
* crossbites?
* occlusal evaluation?
* Transverse cant of?

A
  • FUNCTIONAL EXAMINATION
  • Evaluation of the dental midlines.
  • Unilateral cross bites.
  • Vertical occlusal evaluation.
  • Transverse cant of maxilla.
20
Q

functional exam components

A
  • Maximal opening.
  • Postural rest position.
  • CR-CO discrepancy.
  • Motor & sensory evaluation
21
Q

CR

A
  • A musculoskeletal stable position, with the condyles forward, as far upward as possible, centered transversely and with the articular disc properly interposed
22
Q

CO

A

A dental determined position, Tooth morphology and position are the primary influences determining the mandibular position and movements. The condylar position is strongly determined by the dental contacts and intercuspation through muscles and ligaments

23
Q

CR and CO relation

A

may not be coincident, moving from CO to CR in some cases can approximate the midlines closer

24
Q

non-functional cases

A
  • No CR-Co Shift.
  • There is a dental or skeletal asymmetry
25
Q

radiographic exam

A
  • Taking an accurate radiograph is crucial as the head position is an important factor in radiographic assessment.
  • We can use different radiograph to evaluate asymmetry, such as:
  • Lateral cephalogram
  • Panoramic radiograph
  • Sub-mento vertex view
  • CBCT. (Best
26
Q

Asymmetric occlusion req what occlusion mechanics

A

asymm mechanics

27
Q

Lower midline deviations will usually have an effect on? importance?

A

Lower midline deviations will usually have an effect on the occlusion.
It is important to diagnose the deviation properly and plan the adequate
correction.

28
Q

symmetric?

A

yes, sym occ

29
Q

SKELETAL ASYMMETRIES
* Asymmetry Treatment in?
* what is used to help improve or correct the developing imbalance? examples?

A
  • Asymmetry Treatment in Growing Individuals
  • Orthopedic appliances in conjunction with orthodontics are used to help improve or correct the developing imbalance: Hybrid Functional Appliances and Distraction Osteogenesis
30
Q
A

hybrid functional appliance for skeletal asymmetry

31
Q

Asymmetry (skeletal) Treatment in Non-Growing Individuals. (Adults)

A
  • Surgical Conditions with severe skeletal asymmetries are not able to be corrected by orthodontic camouflage and growth modification so surgical procedures are used to correct the deformities or asymmetries.
  • Distraction Osteogenesis
  • Surgical Osteotomy: BSSO, Le Fort, genioplasty, etc.
32
Q

mild and moderate tx

FUNCTIONAL ASYMMETRIES
* Deviations caused by functional shifts

A
  • Mild => minor occlusal adjustments.
  • Moderate to Severe deviations => orthodontic treatment to align the teeth
33
Q

important note for tx of asymmetries caused by func shift

A

Because functional shift can also be the result of a skeletal asymmetry, rapid maxillary expansion, orthognathic surgery, and orthodontic treatment may be indicated in the management of these cases

34
Q

Occlusal Splints/Deprogrammers

A
  • Occlusal splints may be necessary to properly evaluate the presence and
    extent of the functional shift by eliminating the habitual posturing and de-programming the musculature.
35
Q

SOFT TISSUE ASYMMETRIES

A
  • Deformities caused by soft tissue imbalance can be treated by either
    augmentation or reduction surgery.
  • Augmentations include the use of bone grafts and silicone implants to re-contour the desired areas of the face.

ortho 2 (11 decks)

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