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Alevel Physics > Astrophysics > Flashcards

Astrophysics Flashcards

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1
Q

Principal focus

A

Where rays meet

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2
Q

Focal length

A

Distance between lens axis and principal focus

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3
Q

Power equation

A

Power = 1/ focal length

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4
Q

Real image

A

Image that can be projected

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5
Q

Magnification

A

How many time’s it has been enlarged

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6
Q

Problems with refracting telescopes

A

Spherical aberration: not all rays focus at the same point

Chromatic aberration: different frequencies refract by different amounts

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7
Q

Angular resolution

A

Smallest angle the telescope is able to detect and analyse

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8
Q

Rayleigh criterion

A

To be able to resolve 2 stars they need to be separated by more than the radius of the airy disk

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9
Q

Quantum efficiency

A

N.o. Of electrons detected/ n.o. Detected

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10
Q

Collecting power

A

How much light it can gather

Pid^2/4

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11
Q

AU

A

The mean distance between the earth and sun

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12
Q

Light year

A

Distance that light can travel in a year

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13
Q

Parsec

A

The distance to a nearby star when the angle subtended is 1 arcsecond

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14
Q

Apparent magnitude

A

How bright the star appears to be from Earth

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15
Q

Absolute magnitude

A

The brightness of a star from 10pc

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16
Q

Black body

A

Absorbs the same energy it emits

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17
Q

Plasma

A

Ionised gas

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18
Q

Spectral class O

A

Blue

25000-50000

19
Q

Class B

A

Blue

11000-25000

20
Q

Class A

A

Blue-white

7500-11000

21
Q

Class F

A

White

6000-7500

22
Q

Class G

A

White-yellow

5000-6000

23
Q

Class K

A

Orange

3500-5000

24
Q

Class M

A

<3500

25
Q

Nuclear fusion

A

The joining of 2 small nuclei to make a larger nucleus

26
Q

Neutron star

A

A star with a same density as a nucleus

27
Q

Electron degeneration

A

P+e->n+v

28
Q

Supernova

A

Rapid increase in magnitude followed by a drop in magnitude

29
Q

Black hole

A

An object who’s escape velocity is greater than the speed of light

30
Q

Event horizon

A

The distance between the black hole and the point where the escape velocity is equal to the speed of light

31
Q

Shwartzschild radius

A

The distance from the black hole to the event horizon

32
Q

Binary system

A

2 stars orbiting a common centre of gravity

33
Q

Standard candle

A

An object who’s magnitude is known

34
Q

Doppler shift

A

The perceived change in wavelength and frequency of a sound wave moving relative to the observer

35
Q

Redshift

A

Frequency deceasing and wavelength increasing of light as an object moves away

36
Q

Blueshift

A

Light wave deceasing in wavelength and increasing in frequency as the object moves towards us

37
Q

Evidence for the Big Bang

A

CMBR

Relative abundance of hydrogen

38
Q

The Big Crunch

A

Gravity pulling the universe back on itself to a singularity

39
Q

The big rip

A

All matter ripped apart

40
Q

Dark matter

A

The matter of the universe we can’t see that attempts to stop the expansion of the universe

41
Q

Dark energy

A

Causes the universe to expand at an increasing rate

42
Q

Quasars

A

Active galactic nuclei consisting of a supermassive black hole, accretion disk of dust and matter, and lobes emitting x-rays

43
Q

Exoplanets

A

Planets orbiting a sun that is not our own

44
Q

The 3 methods of detecting exoplanets

A

Direct imaging
Transit observations
Variation in Doppler shift

Alevel Physics (2 decks)

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