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Science 7 > Astronomy Unit test review > Flashcards

Astronomy Unit test review Flashcards

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1
Q

Universe

A

Everything that exists

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2
Q

Impact Crater

A

Depression caused by asteroid or meteorite

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3
Q

Umbra

A

the darkest part of a shadow during an eclipse

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4
Q

Revolution

A

a body orbiting or going around another body

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5
Q

Heliocentric

A

Sun in the center of our solar system

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6
Q

Penumbra

A

Partial shadow during an eclipse; lighter than the umbra

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7
Q

Eclipse

A

One object in space casts a shadow onto another

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8
Q

Rotation

A

Spinning of a body or a planet on it’s axis

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9
Q

Light Year

A

Distance light can travel in one year in space. Used when talking outside of our solar system.

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10
Q

Geocentric

A

Earth being the center of the solar system

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11
Q

AU (Astronomical Unit)

A

the average distance between the earth and the sun. Typically used to talk about the distance between planets.

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12
Q

What causes the seasons on earth?

A

The tilt of the earth on its axis

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13
Q

What are the colors of the stars from coolest to hottest

A

Red, Orange, Yellow, Yellow-white, White, Blue-white, Blue

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14
Q

What are the 4 terrestrial planets?

A

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars

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15
Q

What are the 4 giant gas planets?

A

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

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16
Q

Nebula

A

cloud of gas and dust that forms into stars

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17
Q

apparent magnitude

A

the brightness of a star when viewed from Earth

18
Q

absolute magnitude

A

also called luminosity, The actual brightness of a star ( from a standard distance)

19
Q

The cycle of a low-mass star

A

Nebula- low mass star - Red giant - White dwarf

20
Q

The cycle of a high-mass star

A

Nebula- high mass star - Super giant - Supernova - Neutron star or black hole

21
Q

What are the conditions for a body to be considered a plant?

A
  1. Body that orbits the sun
  2. Round due to own gravity
  3. atmosphere cleared of small objects
22
Q

Who proved the idea of the sun being the center of the solar system?

A

Nicolaus Copernicus

23
Q

Where is the Oort Cloud located?

A

Furthest boundary of solar system, has trillions of objects

24
Q

Where is the Kuiper Belt located?

A

Located outside the orbit of Neptune with thousands of KBO (objects) near Pluto.

25
Q

Meteoroids

A

A chunk of rock or dust in space, May originate from comets, small grain to over 119,000 lbs

26
Q

Meteor

A

A meteoroid that has entered Earth’s atmosphere.

27
Q

Meteorite

A

A meteoroid that has hit earth’s surface.

28
Q

dust tail of a comet

A

Dust and gas that trails behind the comet( from the coma)

29
Q

ion tail of a comet

A

gas that evaporates from the comet because of the sun

30
Q

Midnight sun

A

When a region experiences 24 hrs of the sun’s light.

31
Q

Polar night

A

When a region experiences 24 hrs of darkness

32
Q

What is the cause of SAD and how can it be reduced?

A

-Disorder from Midnight Sun or Polar night
Reduce it by: eat healthy, exercise, Use UV lights ( polar nights), heavy blinds at night( midnight sun)

33
Q

Which planet is nicknamed the blue ice planet?

A

Neptune

34
Q

What is the smallest planet in our solar system?

A

Mercury

35
Q

Which planet is completely tilted on its side?

A

Uranus

36
Q

Which planet has sulfuric rain?

A

Venus

37
Q

What causes high and low tides on earth?

A

High tides- caused when the moon’s gravity pulls on the water/oceans that are closest to it’s position
Low tide- portion of earth not facing the moon

38
Q

What causes the change of daylight hours in the summer and winter?

A
  • tilt of earth causes the Northern and Southern hemispheres to lean towards the sun
  • When the Northern hemisphere is leaning towards the sun, it experiences summer(more daylight hrs) , while the Southern hemisphere experiences winter( less daylight hrs) and vice versa
39
Q

Comet

A

Small body of ice, rock , and dust
Location- Orbiting the sun, originates from Kuiper belt or Oort cloud
Few meters to miles in diameter

40
Q

Asteroid

A

the large irregular rocky object
-orbits sun
Location- Asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter
.5 to 500 miles in diameter

41
Q

Moon’s Phases

A

new moon, New Crescent, First quarter, Waning Gibbous, Last quarter, Waxing Gibbous, Full moon, Old crescent

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