Astronomy Test

Question 1

Astronomer #1

Answer 1

Aristotle
Greek
Geocentric
Syllogism
Epicycles to explain retrograde motion

Question 2

Astronomer #2

Answer 2

Ptolemy
Egyptian of Greek descent
Geocentric
Epicycles + eccentric Earth + equant to explain retrograde motion

Question 3

Astronomer #3

Answer 3

Copernicus
Polish
Heliocentric
Epicycles w sun in the middle

Question 4

Astronomer #4

Answer 4

Tycho Brahe
Danish
Geocentric
Sextant to measure light from planet or star

Question 5

Astronomer #5

Answer 5

Galileo
Italian
Heliocentric
Jupiter’s 4 moons

Question 6

Astronomer #6

Answer 6

Kepler
German
Heliocentric
3 laws based on Tycho’s data

Question 7

Astronomer #7

Answer 7

Newton
British
Heliocentric
Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation

Question 8

Astronomer #8

Answer 8

Hubble
American
Heliocentric
Further galaxies recede faster than closer ones

Question 9

Sun

Answer 9

99.8% of the mass of the solar system
solar wind is charged particles flying off the sun

Question 10

Sun’s 1st Layer

Answer 10

Core
nuclear fusion - fuse hydrogen to make helium

Question 11

Sun’s 2nd Layer

Answer 11

Radiative Zone

Question 12

Sun’s 3rd Layer

Answer 12

Convective Zone

Question 13

Sun’s 4th Layer

Answer 13

Photosphere

Question 14

Sun’s 5th Layer

Answer 14

Chromosphere
transition zone

Question 15

Sun’s 6th Layer

Answer 15

Corona

Question 16

Mercury

Answer 16

Mariner 10

Question 17

Venus

Answer 17

Venus Express Mission

Question 18

Earth

Answer 18

Landsat Satellites
1 moon

Question 19

Mars

Answer 19

Viking 1
2 moons

Question 20

Jupiter

Answer 20

Voyager 2

Question 21

Saturn

Answer 21

Voyager 2

Question 22

Uranus

Answer 22

Voyager 2

Question 23

Neptune

Answer 23

Voyager 2

Question 24

Binary System

Answer 24

2 stars orbit center of mass

Question 25

Dying Star

Answer 25

shrinks into white dwarf - electron degeneracy
under goes supernova
- neutron star - neutron degeneracy
- black hole - denser core
bigger star to live longer

Question 26

Chandrasekher Limit

Answer 26

• 1.4x the mass of the sun
• determines the transformation a dying star will go through

Question 27

Standard Candles

Answer 27

Measure brightness of objects to tell how far they are

Question 28

Cephid Variable Stars

Answer 28

Brighten and dim periodically - can tell how far away they are

Question 29

Type 1a Supernova

Answer 29

White dwarf is in binary system and takes mass from the other star - mass exceeds Chandrasekhar limit and can undergo a supernova
Better standard candle than Cephid Variables

Question 30

Kepler’s First Law

Answer 30

Planets move in elliptical orbits around the sun

Question 31

Kepler’s Second Law

Answer 31

Planets move equal areas in equal time

Question 32

Kepler’s Third Law

Answer 32

Major axis in an elliptical orbit
Semimajor axis in an elliptical orbit
Minor axis in an elliptical orbit
Semimajor axis ^3 = period of an orbit ^2