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Astronomy Part 1 > Astronomy Part 1 Section 1 > Flashcards

Astronomy Part 1 Section 1 Flashcards

1
Q

1 Astronomical Unit

A

150,000,000 km

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2
Q

Describe the Earth

A

Rocky Planet with Iron Core 15,000 kilometers

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3
Q

Describe the Sun

A

A typical star, ball of hot gas, mostly hydrogen and helium 1,500,000 kilometers.

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4
Q

The sun is _____ times larger in diameter than the earth

A

100 times

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5
Q

The sun is _______ times larger the volume than the earth

A

1,000,000 times

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6
Q

Describe the Milkyway Galaxy

A

100,000 light years across, contains 100 billion stars, contains gas and dust clouds (new stars come from clusters of galaxies)

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7
Q

What is a scientific Theory?

A

an idea that proposes to explain observations. Consists of: observation, explanation, and prediction

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8
Q

What is a constellation?

A

Apparent groupings of bright stars in the sky usually at large ranges of distances, not physically associated.

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9
Q

How many constellations is the sky divided into?

A

88 constellations

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10
Q

What direction does the sky appear to rotate daily around the north star?

A

counterclockwise

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11
Q

Most Celestial objects rise in the _____ and set in the _____

A

Most Celestial objects rise in the east and set in the west

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12
Q

What do the pointer stars point to?

A

polaris, or the “north star”

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13
Q

Where is the polaris located?

A

At the end of the handle of the little dipper

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14
Q

What is the constellation Orion also known as?

A

Also known as “The Great Hunter”

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15
Q

Describe Orion (What it contains)

A

Brightest winter constellation, red supergiant, blue supergiant, orion nebula (region of very active star formation)

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16
Q

Hotter objects produce what color light?

A

Blue light

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17
Q

You can only see constellations located on the side of the sky _______ of the sun.

A

opposite

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18
Q

How many times does the Sun appear to move around the sky?

A

Once per year

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19
Q

How many constellations are located along the sun’s apparent path?

A

12 constellations

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20
Q

How long does the sun spend on each constellation?

A

One month

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21
Q

Define Astrology

A

Ancient superstition not based on the scientific method, not tested by observation or experiment

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22
Q

Deine Astronomy

A

A modern science, based on the laws of physics, verified by observation and experiment

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23
Q

Scientific Notation Problem: 1,000,000,000= ?

A

1.0 x 10^9 = 10^9

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24
Q

Scientific Notation Problem:

A

0.000000001 = 1.0 x 10^-9 = 10^-9

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25
Q

When you drop a rock in a pond the wave crests travel in what direction?

A

Outward

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26
Q

How does water travel when the rock hits it?

A

It moves in a small circle

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27
Q

What direction does energy travel in a wave?

A

outward

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28
Q

What is radiation?

A

Means of transporting energy across space

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29
Q

What is an example of a form of electromagnetic radiation?

A

Light

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30
Q

What is electromagnetic radiation?

A

electric and magnetic disturbances that travel as a wave through space

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31
Q

What is the absolute speed limit in the universe?

A

Speed of light

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32
Q

What is the crest of a wave?

A

high point in a wave

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33
Q

What is the trough of a wave?

A

the low point in a wave

34
Q

what is the amplitude?

A

heigh of a wave

35
Q

what is wavelength?

A

distance between successive crests

36
Q

what is a spectrum?

A

a separation of light into its constituent wave lengths using a prism or grating

37
Q

What are the colors of visible light, long to short wavelengths

A

ROY G BIV red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet

38
Q

Describe the electromagnetic spectrum from long wavelength to short wavelength. (there should be 7)

A

Radio, microwave, infared, visible, ultraviolet, x-ray, gamma ray

39
Q

1 nanometer

A

10^-9 m

40
Q

What is a photon?

A

A packet of energy which acts like a particle, they are the smallest unit

41
Q

What is the equation for photon energy?

A

E= hv= hc/lambda

42
Q

The higher the frequency of a photon the ______ the energy?

A

higher

43
Q

The longer the wavelength the ______ the energy

A

lower

44
Q

Which of the electromagnetic spectrum has the least energy?

A

Radio

45
Q

Which of the electromagnetic spectrum has the highest amount of energy?

A

gamma ray

46
Q

What is a transverse wave?

A

oscillation is perpendicular to its travel direction

47
Q

What is a longitudinal wave?

A

oscillation is parallel to its travel direction

48
Q

What color is the earth’s atmosphere?

A

opaque

49
Q

What are the two “windows” of transparency in the earth’s atmosphere?

A

radio and optical

50
Q

All objects absorb and emit what kind of radiation?

A

electromagnetic

51
Q

Hot objects emit more or less electromagnetic radiation than cooler objects?

A

more

52
Q

Hotter objects have more or less energetic photons emitted?

A

More energetic

53
Q

The color of a hot object shifts to what color when its temperature rises?

A

blue

54
Q

Dark= cooler or hotter, and more or less infared?

A

Cooler, less IR

55
Q

Light = cooler or hotter, and more or less infared?

A

Hotter, more IR

56
Q

What happened in the demo with lighting the match with infared light?

A

heating a coil creates IR radiation which strikes the first reflector, the first reflector makes light rays parallel, second reflector focuses light on match head, the match bursts into flames. Thus, energy has traveled through space as a IR electromagnetic wave

57
Q

What are the numbers for the temperature scale (absolute, zero, water freezing temp and water boil temp) for farenheit, celsius, and kelvin

A

Farenheit: -460, 32, 212
Celsius: -273, 0, 100
Kelvin: 0, 273, 373

58
Q

What is a blackbody?

A

ideal absorber and emitter of electromagnetic radiation

59
Q

What is an example of a blackbody?

A

heated bar of iron, stellar photosphere

60
Q

Describe the blackbody curve spectrum

A

plot of intensity versus wavelength for a blackbody of a given temperature. LOOK AT THE DIAGRAM the wavelength decreases as the temperature increases. The hotter the black body the more peak shifts to the blue. at any wavelength a hotter black body has a larger intensity.

61
Q

What is the formula for a blackbody?

A

lambda = const/temperature ( in kelvin)

62
Q

What is Kirchoff’s first law?

A

a hot solid object or dense gas produces a continuous spectrum, complete rainbow, all wavelengths seen, no spectral lines (heated bar of iron, ideal black body)

63
Q

What is Kirchoff’s second law?

A

A low density, hot gas produces a emission line spectrum, series of bright lines, no emission between lines, (neon signs, bright interstellar clouds)

64
Q

What is the constellation Gemini also known as?

A

“The Twins”

65
Q

Where can you see Gemini in the evening?

A

high in the east

66
Q

Describe the constellation Gemini

A

symbol Roman II, rectangular shape, brightest two stars: castor and pollux, consits of six stars, 3 binaries in mutual orbit, jupiter is now in Gemini

67
Q

Where can jupiter be found?

A

Jupiter is presently nearly opposite the sun in the sky, it is visible throughout the night

68
Q

Where can venus be found?

A

Venus is nearly between the earth and the sun, rises in the south east just before the sun, best between 7 and 9 am

69
Q

What is kirchoffs third law?

A

A low density cooler gas produces an absorption line spectrum when viewed in front of a hotter continuous source, see continuous spectrum with dips at certain wavelengths, dark lines among colors of the rainbow (galaxies, other stars, photosphere of the sun)

70
Q

What is the visible spectrum of hydrogen called?

A

the balmer series

71
Q

What are the first three balmer lines?

A

H (fish) 656 nm red
H B 486 nm blue/green
H V 434 nm Blue, violet

72
Q

What is the spectroscopic method?

A

every element or compound produces a unique set of lines, a finger print. Wavelengths of lines can be calculated theoretically and measure in a lab, identification of lines in spectra of celestial object gives composition and physical state of object

73
Q

Describe an atomic structure

A

nucleus: central structure, protons and neutrons, electrons orbit around nucleus

74
Q

What does a normal hydrogen atom consist of?

A

nucleus: 1 proton

1 electron orbits nucleus

75
Q

Larger orbit means a _____ energy level

A

higher

76
Q

When are photons emitted or absorbed?

A

when an electron changes orbit

77
Q

What happens when a larger orbit changes to a smaller orbit?

A

Higher energy, to lower energy, photon is emitted

78
Q

What happens when a smaller orbit changes to a larger orbit?

A

Lower energy to higher energy, photon is absorbed

79
Q

What is photon energy?

A

the energy different between two orbits

80
Q

What is ionization?

A

An atom absorbs sufficiently energetic photon to cause the electron to jump out of the atom

Astronomy Part 1 (2 decks)

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