Astronomy in the Arts Midterm #1

Question 1

Proposed the first known model of the universe that did NOT rely on supernatural forces

Answer 1

Thales

Question 2

The First principle and basic nature of all things is WATER

Answer 2

Thales

Question 3

The Earth rests upon water

Answer 3

Thales

Question 4

All things are full of gods

Answer 4

Thales

Question 5

The magnetic stone has a soul because it sets iron in motion

Answer 5

Thales

Question 6

First to teach the Earth is a sphere

Answer 6

Pythagoras

Question 7

Number is an essential element of reality

Answer 7

Pythagoras

Question 8

Interrelationship between music and math

Answer 8

Pythagoras

Question 9

First to suggest that the earth and the heavens might be made of the same elements

Answer 9

Anaxagoras

Question 10

Atomism

Answer 10

Democritus

Question 11

Purely materialist philosophy, with reductionist elements

Answer 11

Democritus

Question 12

Philosophical and aesthetic preference for ideals

Answer 12

Plato

Question 13

Astronomical motions must therefore be perfect, circular, in spheres

Answer 13

Plato

Question 14

Wrote Dialogues: The Timaeus

Answer 14

Plato

Question 15

Stars are in some way spiritual essences, and his explanations tend to be “mythical” as opposed to “mechanistic”

Answer 15

Plato

Question 16

Credited with the first system of planetary motions explained by embedding the planets in rotating spheres

Answer 16

Eudoxus

Question 17

The universe is made of concentric spheres moving around the spherical Earth
To account for the different motions of the planets, there are 27 spheres

Answer 17

Eudoxus

Question 18

Preserves the “perfection” of the circle and the sphere by using them in combination to produce “irregular” motions

Answer 18

Eudoxus

Question 19

Student of Plato for 20 years, but disagreed with him about almost everything

Answer 19

Aristotle

Question 20

Tutor of Alexander the Great

Answer 20

Aristotle

Question 21

Philosophy dominated western culture throughout the Roman Empire, and through the Middle Ages up until the Renaissance

Answer 21

Aristotle

Question 22

Wrote about: Poetics, Rhetoric, Ethics, Politics, Meteorology, Embryology, Physics, Mathematics, Anatomy, Physiology, Logic, Astronomy, Dreams

Answer 22

Aristotle

Question 23

What was Aristotle’s universe model like?

Answer 23

Earth in the center
Moon
Mercury
Venus
Sun
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Fixed Stars

Question 24

Proposed a heliocentric model

Answer 24

Aristarchus

Question 25

Calculated the distance between the Earth/ Moon / Sun

Answer 25

Aristarchus

Question 26

Associated with the emergence of the eccentric and the epicycle, both variations in geocentric models

Answer 26

Apollonius of Perga

Question 27

Calculated the circumference of Earth

Answer 27

Eratosthenes

Question 28

“The Sand Reckoner”

Answer 28

Archimedes

Question 29

“Give me a place to stand and I can move the Earth”

Answer 29

Archimedes

Question 30

First great observational astronomer

Answer 30

Hipparchus

Question 31

First star map

Answer 31

Hipparchus

Question 32

Invented the system of magnitudes still used today

Answer 32

Hipparchus

Question 33

Discovered precision, the movement of the Earth’s axis

Answer 33

Hipparchus

Question 34

-Mechanical Computer
-Astronomical computer
-models and simulations

Answer 34

The Antikythera

Question 35

Adapts and synthesizes earlier Greek astronomical ideas into a complete astronomical system that agreed with the observations available at the time

Answer 35

Ptolemy

Question 36

His models correctly forecast future planetary positions to within a few degrees of arc

Answer 36

Ptolemy

Question 37

Copernicus’ solar system

Answer 37

Sun in the center
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Fixed Stars