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Stellar and Galactic Astronomy Exam #1 > Astronomy Final Exam: Chapters 7 & 8 > Flashcards

Astronomy Final Exam: Chapters 7 & 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a nucleus?

A

Where most of the mass is

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2
Q

What is a proton?

A

positively charged particles in the nucleus

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3
Q

What is an electron?

A

negatively charged particles in the electron cloud

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4
Q

What is a neutron?

A

particles with no charge in the nucleus

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5
Q

What are ions?

A

An atom that loss / gained electrons

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6
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Same number of protons, different number of neutrons

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7
Q

What is an excited state?

A

If you move an electron from a low energy level to a higher energy level

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8
Q

What are energy levels?

A

Each electron orbit in an atom represents a specific amount of binding energy

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9
Q

What is the absorption spectrum?

A

Results when radiation passes through a cool gas

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10
Q

What is an emission spectrum?

A

Produced by photons emitted by an excited gas

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11
Q

What is a continuous spectrum?

A

Contains all wavelengths

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12
Q

What is a thermal spectrum?

A

Hot, dense objects will emit electromagnetic radiation at all wavelengths or colors

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13
Q

What is blackbody radiation?

A

Energy radiated by any object or system that absorbs all incident radiation

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14
Q

What is the Doppler Effect?

A

The apparent change in wavelength of radiation from a source caused by relative motion of the source & observer

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15
Q

What is the Wien Law?

A

The hotter object emits more blue light than red light & thus looks blue, and the cooler object emits more red than blue and consequently looks red

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16
Q

What is the Stefan-Boltzmann Law?

A

The total area under each curve is proportional to the total energy emitted; the hottest objects have more total energy than the two cooler objects

17
Q

What is the layers of the Sun in order?

A

Photosphere, chromosphere, and the corona

18
Q

What is the photosphere?

A

The visible surface of the Sun

19
Q

What is the chromosphere?

A

Above the photosphere

20
Q

What is the corona?

A

Outer most layer, above the chromosphere

21
Q

What is convection?

A

Hot materials rising and cool materials sinking; granulation is the surface affects of this just below the photosphere

22
Q

What are sunspots?

A

The spots seen through a telescope on the Sun

23
Q

What is the Maunder butterfly?

A

Shows the location of sunspot changes in a cycle

24
Q

How far is the Sun from Earth?

A

1 AU

25
Q

How hot is the Sun on its surface?

A

5, 772 K

26
Q

What is the Sun’s abundant elements?

A

Hydrogen & helium

Stellar and Galactic Astronomy Exam #1 (9 decks)

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