Astronomy Final Exam Flashcards by Holly Wellman

ATYI the sun is a(n) _____ star

Above average

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What is the brightest star

The sun

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What is an example of extraordinary evidence

Seeing it for yourself

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If Venus were southeast halfway up the sky it would be at…

135 degrees

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Declination is analogous to

latitude

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Ascension is similar to

longitude

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Relative to the stars the sun appears to move…

West to east (eastward)

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The moon moves

West to east (eastward)

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What phase must the moon be in for a solar eclipse

New

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What phase must the moon be in for a lunar eclipse

Full

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Who used a calendar based on the movement of the moon

Babaloinans and Jews

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Kepler’s first law states that…

An orbit is an eclipse-shape

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An implication of Kepler’s second law is that

Planets move faster when closer to the sun

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What is improved when the size of a telescope is increased

Light Gathering

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What is improved when distant telescopes are wired together

Resolution

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What do refractors suffer

Chromatic aberration

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T/F all planets in our solar system orbit the sun in the same direction

True

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T/F all planets in our solar system spin in the same direction

False

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Order the following from most to least refractory/least to most volatile
- Methane/ammonia/water
- rock
- iron
- gas/hydrogen/helium

Iron
Rock
Methane/ammonia/water
Gas/hydrogen/helium

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What is the earths atmosphere mostly composed of

Nitrogen

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What additional factor is needed to explain solar systems that are different from our own

time scale at which the star blows out the excess matter, terminating planet growth

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Which exoplanet discovery method gives the radius of the planet

Transit

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In which part of the Em spectrum was the first exoplanet directly imaged

IR (infrared)

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Order the layers of the sun from in to out
- RZ
- CZ
- EPZ

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Which solar layer is the hottest

The corona

What is the sun's spectral type

How old is the earth

Between 4 and 5 billion years

If you were at the equator where would the north star appear

On the Horizon

Why do we see the same face of the moon at all times?

The spin and orbital periods of the moon are the same

Science has been more effective than other fields at determining the truth because of __

The eye

Due to tidal forces, the length of the day is getting __

Longer

T/F The moon is receding

True

If the wavelength of a wave is decreased without changing the medium, the frequency goes

If a black body or star is two times hotter in kelvins, then it will emit how much more light?

Two to the fourth power (16x as much)

Who came up with the four equations relating electricity and magnetism

Maxwell

Who was the first to successfully measure the speed of light

Romer

What is composed of quarks

Neutrons and protons

Which protons have higher energy

Those with greater frequency

Which state of matter is most common in the universe

Plasma

Which purpose of a telescope is improved the most by increasing size?

Light gathering

Which was the first spacecraft caught into orbit around Saturn, landing on titan

Cassini

what is the order of Saturn's rings, inside to outside

D C B Cassini A F G E

Where are most comets located

Oort cloud

Most __ come from icy bodies

meteors

Most __ come from rocky bodies

Meteorites

Who discovered Uranus

Herschel

Which planet has the largest volcano and largest impact basin

Mars

Which giant planed does not emit twice the energy it receives from the sun?

uranus

What is the only moon with a thick atmosphere

Titan

what is the largest moon

Ganamine

Which moon is most heavily cratered

Callisto

Where do astronomers believe most of the hydrogen and helium come from

the big bang

the earth has seasons because of

The earths tilt

Astrology is a pseudoscience because?

It pretends to be scientific but does not make accurately tested predictions

The ocean tides are highest when the moon is

about overhead

Why is the sky blue

Blue light is scattered by the atmosphere more than red light

What is the direction of you acceleration if you feel thrown left while turning

To the right

Are you accelerating if you are going straight up a hill at a constant speed?

If a truck has three times a car's mass and you want it to have two times the acceleration how much force is needed?

If a plane collides with a bird at high speed, which has more force

They have the same force

If a plane collides at a high speed with a bird, which has more acceleration

The bird

At the same temperature, which molecule moves faster? O2 or CO2?

What is Newton's third law of reaction force to you standing on the ground?

You are pulling up on the earth

What is the earths core composed of

Iron

What is the earths mantle composed of

Rock

Order the four terrestrial planets from youngest to oldest

- Earth - Venus - Mars - Mercury

Give a geographical example of zone convergence

Himalayas

How many days on Venus make up one year on Venus

Two

The early Greeks believed that the planet ____ and ____ were two different gods, one seen in the morning and one in the evening

Mercury, Venus

What are Venus's clouds composed of

Sulphuric acid

What are Jupiter and Saturn clouds composed of

Ammonia, ammonia hydrosulfide, water

What are Uranus and Neptune's clouds made of?

Methane

What was the first spacecraft caught into orbit around Jupiter

Galileo

Most stars seen in the nighttime sky are __ luminous than the sun

Most stars in the universe are __ luminous than the sun

Less

In which kind of nebula do stars form

Absorption

Is there intelligent life out there in the universe? Is it visiting us?

Yes (probably), No

What is the order of the spectral types from hottest to coolest

O B A F G K M

Describe the scientific theory

A process where a hypothesis is tested and proven. They are not just guesses or ideas

List the cosmic order from smallest to biggest

- you - earth - solar system - Milky Way Galaxy - Local group - local supercluster - Universe

Who showed that the earth is spherical

Pythagoras

What is the most volcanically active body in the solar system?

Reflectors use ___ and are the ___

Mirrors, largest

What is the sun's primary source of energy?

Nuclear fusion

Are you accelerating if you are going over a hill at a constant speed?

Yes because you are changing direction

What direction (increase or decrease) is your acceleration if in an elevator you are stopping at the top

Acceleration decreases

Who discovered that Jupiter has four, moons providing support that not everything orbits the earth

Galileo

What’s the expected consequence of increased greenhouse effect gases?

Increased surface temperature - Global warming

Who discovered Neptune

Adams/Leverrier

Give an example of zone divergence

Mid-Atlantic ridge

How long are mercury's days/years?

One mercury day = two mercury years