Astronomy Exam 4 Section 7-11 Flashcards
All asteroids all orbit between Mars and Jupiter, true or false?
False
Comets come from the asteroid belt, true or false?
False
How many dwarf planets do we know of in our solar system?
5
Earth is the largest planet, true or false?
False
We know of no planets outside our solar system, true or false? 
False
How many planets are in our solar system?
8
Meteor rights come from the asteroid belt, true or false?
True
Meteors come from the asteroid belt, true or false?
True
Most moons, orbit planets, true or false?
False
The Oort cloud objects formed out past the Kuiper Belt, true or false?
False
The smallest planets are still larger than the biggest moons, true or false?
False
Our Sun is powered by fusion of __________ into _____________.
Hydrogen, helium
What type of planet is Uranus?
An ice or water giant Jovian.
A cloud of gas and dust is called a ___________.
Nebula
The cold temperatures of the planets in the outer solar system cause H and He to condense into liquids, true and false?
False
The volatiles are always liquids on Earth, true or false?
False
Feldspar is mainly found in the Earth’s core, crust, and mantle?
Crust
The process by which material of different densities separate into different layers is called:
Differentiation
Rock A has crystals several millimeters across.
Rock B has no visible crystals, but has a gritty texture to the fingernail or tooth.
Which rock cooled more quickly?
Rock B
Volatiles were gasses: inside the snow line or outside the snow line
Inside the snow line
Outside the snow line, which solids were available for plant formation?
Volatiles, minerals, and metal
Embryos were:
The size of the moon
Kernels were:
Large enough to collect gas
The Jovian planets contain rock and metal, true or false?
True
Asteroids are:
Mostly leftover planetesimals.
Pluto is a member of the:
Kuiper Belt
The age of the Solar system is:
4.54 billion years old
The asteroids are mostly found in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter because:
They are the debris from a planet that exploded there.
What type of astronomical object is the Sun?
Star
What would happen if the Sun’s core temperature rose slightly?
The reaction would run faster, generating more heat, causing the core to expand in cool. 
Light can travel though: the convection zone or the radiative zone
Radiative zone
The convection zone is: translucent or opaque?
Opaque
The sunspot cycle lasts:
11 years
Spicules are located in the:
Chromosphere
The layer of the Sun visible during a total solar eclipse is the:
Corona
The first reaction of the proton-proton chain consists of: 
Two protons fuse to form a deuterium, releasing a neutrino and a positron, which annihilates with a nearby. 
The second reaction of the proton-proton chain consist of:
A deuterium and a proton fuse to form a helium-3 releasing energy in the form of gamma rays
The third reaction of the proton-proton chain consists of:
Two helium-3 fuse to form a helium-4 plus two protons.
The solar neutrino problem has been solved, true or false?
True
The Maunder Minimum when sunspot activity decreased dramatically:
Coincided with a decrease in Earth’s temperature.
Sunspots are areas of:
Intense magnetic fields
Over geologic time the sun is getting: brighter or dimmer
Brighter
Most of the rocks inside the Earth is melted, true or false?
False
Earth’s early tectonic style was: plate tectonics, flow tectonics or stagnant-lid tectonics?
Stagnant-lid tectonics
As the worlds are assembled, the heat produced as their pieces come together is called:
Heat or accretion
Which had more feldspar: continental crust of oceanic crust?
Continental crust
Which is thinner: continental crust or oceanic crust?
Oceanic crust
The hottest plant in the solar system is:
Venus
Besides Earth, which other planet has continents?
Venus
Which is true?
A) the moon is as reflective as fresh snow
B) the moon is as reflective as white sand
C) the moon is as reflective as a concrete road
D) the moon is as reflective as and asphalt road
D
The Moon’s core is:
Smaller than expected for a terrestrial world
The graph from the paper by Peplowski et al. shows that Mercury was extensively heated by the giant impact that formed it, just as the Moon.
False
Mercury’s continents can be mapped from telescopes in Earth, true or false?
False
Did Mercury’s surface turn out to be all maria,,or to have no maria?
All maria
Mars’ Vallles Marineris we’re carved by running water, true or false?
False
The northern hemisphere of Mars is: low and smooth or high and heavily-cratered?
Low and smooth
Why are the four large volcanoes on Mars higher than mountains on Earth? 
Mars has no plate tectonics to carry volcanoes off on the tops of lava sources.
The atmosphere of Venus is mostly: 
Carbon dioxide
Venus is holding all the air it’s gravity can hold, true or false?
True
A planet, with a mass of 20 times the mass of the Earth will have an atmosphere composed of: 
Hydrogen and helium
Mercury in the moon have no real atmosphere is because:
They are too small
The idea that Venus’ is water was broken by UV and the hydrogen then lost into space is supported by: 
High levels of deuterium in Venus’ atmosphere
Volcanic gases on terrestrial planets consist of: 
1/2 water vaporizer, 1/2 carbon dioxide, and a tiny bit of nitrogen
The atmosphere of Mars is mostly: 
Carbon dioxide
What is the most abundant greenhouse gas on Earth?
Water vapour 
Of the three major greenhouse gases on terrestrial planets, which is the weakest?
Water vapour
The coldest layer in a terrestrial planet’s atmosphere is called the:
Mesosphere
The troposphere is heated by:,
Convection from the Sun-warmed ground
How many layers does the default atmosphere of a terrestrial planet have?
3
The thermosphere is heated by:
Absorption of high-energy radiation, such as gamma rays
If we stopped producing greenhouse gases today, the temperature would stop rising, true or false?
False
The current unprecedented rapid rise in global temperature is due to anthropogenic greenhouse gases, true or false?
True
