Astronamy Flashcards
If you just observe the planets with your eyes, what does it seem like?
It seems that the sun (our star) and the planets are all orbiting the Earth
Who made one of the best known early models of what he could see in the sky?
The Greek astronomer Ptolemy (c100-170). His idea put the earth in the centre of everything with the planets and the sun orbiting around it - a geocentric model
What did the polish astronomer nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) think about ptolemy’s model?
He thought that ptolemy’s measurements fitted a different model - a heliocentric model with the sun at the centre of the solar system
Describe the invention of the telescope
The invention of the telescope at the end of the 16th century allowed scientists to see objects in space in much greater detail and to find new objects. Using a telescope, the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) disobeyed four of Jupiter’s moons. By plotting their movements, he showed that not everything orbited the Earth. This and other observations led him to support Copernicus’s idea.
As telescopes improved, what discoveries were made?
The planets Uranus and Neptune and the dwarf planet Pluto. Smaller rocky bodies called asteroids were also discovered, most of which are found between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. Comets are mostly made of ice, and some can be seen with the naked eye but many more have been found using telescopes
What does our current model of the solar system include?
It includes eight planets, five dwarf planets, thousands of comets and millions of asteroids. These all move in elliptical (squashed circle) orbits around the sun. Many of the planets also have natural satellites (moons) orbiting around them
What did the invention of astronomy allow astronomers to make?
More detailed observations and measurements than was possible by making drawings.
What have computers increased the speed and detail of?
Computers have further increased the speed and detail with which information from telescopes can be analysed
Photography enables astronomers to make detailed observations, what are computers used for?
Analysis
Telescopes in orbit around the earth give much clearer images than ground-based telescopes why?
Because clouds and dust in the air do not interfere with the the image
What do we use to investigate the solar system?
Space probes
Many objects in space emit radio waves and infrared radiation. Different types of telescope are used to detect different types of electromagnetic waves. Why must some of these telescopes be placed in orbit?
Because the atmosphere absorb some of the radiation they are designed to detect
What is weight?
You weight is the force of gravity acting on you
What does your weight depend on?
Your weight depends on you mass and the gravitational field strength (g) of the earth
What is gravitational the field strength on earth?
9.81N/kg
What does the gravitational field strength on the surface of a body (such as a planet or the moon) depend on?
Depends on the mass of the body and the distance from its centre to its surface (it’s radius). The greater its mass and the smaller its radius, the greater its surface gravity.
Most bodies in the solar system are in elliptical orbits. What are artificial satellites used for?
For the communications and to observe the earth and space. The type of orbit of an artificial satellite depends on what it is used for.