Astrology Flashcards
Order of the Plants
Sun, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus Neptune
Geocentric model
Earth-centered and all the planets orbit around the earth. Elliptical orbits
Heliocentric Model
Sun in the center and the Planets orbit around it.
Elliptical Orbit
when an object moves around another object in an ovular motion. All planets elliptically orbit around the sun.
Astronomical Units
The amount of distance from the EARTH to the SUN
Light Years
The distance of how far light travels in a year
Star Formation
- GIANT GAS CLOUD PHASEinitial collapse of an interstellar cloud–made up of dust and gas
- PROTOSTAR PHASE the cloud fragments form clumps then collapses due to gravity
- T-AURI PHASE is where the materials stop falling into the gas cloud and then it releases energy. The core cannot support nuclear fusion
- MAIN SEQUENCE. it is now hot enough to support the fusion conversion of hydrogen to helium in its core. Gives off a lot of energy
- RED GIANT PHASE–once the star runs out of hydrogen to convert, it collapses on itself and expands. subgiant star then red giant. It is cooler than a main-sequence star so it appears red instead of yellow
- THE FUSION OF HEAVIER ELEMENTS–helium fuses at the core and it expands. Once the helium fusion ends the core starts fusing carbon after the core shrinks–continues until iron is formed. iron causes the core to collapse–causes supernovas in big stars and small stars turn into white dwarfs
- SUPERNOVAE AND NEBULAE–most of the star is blasted away but the core turns into a neutron which turns into a black hole. Less massive nebula turn into white dwarfs.
Proto-plant hypothesis
very small objects stuck together and formed plants and very very large planets like Jupiter. The sun and other planets were essentially made from the same cloud.
Inner planets
tend to be rocky, shorter orbits, shorter spins.
mercury, venus, earth, mars
Outer planets
Big and gasoues
jupiter, saturn, uranus, neptune
Asteroids
a small rocky body orbiting around the sun
asteroid belt between jupiter and saturn
Comets
made up of dust and ice. The “tail” glows when it is close to the sun because heat is being released aka melting.
Meteoroids
small piece of rock flying through space with no particular pattern of orbit
Meteor
once a meteoroid enters earth’s atmosphere, it is now considered a meteor
Meteorite
once a meteoroid settles on a moon etc it is now called a meteorite
Altitude
The angle directly above the earth–measured from 0-90ºs.
An object that is directly overhead (with an altitude of 90 degrees) does not have an azimuth and is said to be at its zenith because it is just straight up
Azimuth
compass direction–measured clockwise from North. (0-359º)
Zenith
the angle between the sun and the vertical
how does a rocket work?
every action has an equal opposite reaction. In a rocket pressurized gas is let out of a chamber propelling the rocket to be thrust in the opposite direction (up). vary of ingredients like liquid oxygen, liquid hydrogen, and or gasoline.
Ion drives
newer technology for rocket propullsion–use electrically charged xenon gas to propel. weaker than a chemically generated rocket propeller but can last longer times–fuel reduction.
Solar Sails
harness’ the suns light to propel a spacecraft forwards. when the electromagnetic radiation from the sun reaches the carbon fibre of the sail–the transmitted energy moves it.
Rocket parts
nose cone, propulsion chamber, nozzle, fins, and payload
exhaust velocity
how efficeitnly a mass thing creates thrust
Hazards of living in space
gravity, waste management, food/water/oxygen resources, fuel/energy, temperature, radiation exposure, pressure.
Different types of satelites
communications satelite navigation satelite remote sensing satelite geocentric orbit type satelites LEO MEO HEO global positioning system GPS geostationary satelites drone satelites ground satelites polar satelites nano satelites
how do satelites works?
basically can recieve and send signals from earth and back to it using transmitter of radio signals.
-orbits around something
geosynchronous orbit
High earth orbit that allows the satellites to match earths orbit
internet sats
low earth orbit
marks the start of space
-weather sats
optical refracting and reflecting, combo telescopes
refracting telescopes have lenses in their objective tubes
reflecting telescopes have an objective mirror
combo telescopes use a combination of both telescopes
how a simple telescope works
Objective lens: large lends near the front of the telescope
Ocular lens: part closest to your eye to view magnify objects
Light is being bent thought the objective eyes bent to the ocular lens bent to your eyeball bent to ur retina
Interferometry
basically connecting two telescopes to a computer to produce higher quality images–creates something equivalent to two telescopes but in one.
twin Keck telescope
adaptive optics
Stars twinkle because the Earth’s atmosphere reflects their light randomly because of gases and junk in the atmosphere.
To combat this problem, telescopes are no connected to computers, which use mirror to adjust to the movement of Earth’s atmosphere
or just put the telescope in space lol
Triangulation
Given the length of a baseline and both angles between he baseline and the sight lines to the object, the object’s location can be calculated
The longer the baseline, the more accurately the estimated location of the object will be.
uses geometry to measure the apparent distance between two objects in the sky
Parallax
the apparent shift in location from two different locations
Hubble telescope
Cassegrain reflector telescope.
Light from celestial objects travels down a tube, is collected by a bowl-like, curved inward primary mirror and reflected toward a smaller, dome-shaped, outwardly curved secondary mirror.
radio telescope
Radio wave images dont get messed up by the dust etc in the atmosphere like light waves do. They penetrate through dust clouds.
they reflect off the fish and focus on the tip
If two radio telescopes are separated by some distance but connected electronically, their signals can be connected using a computer
EMR
Light isn’t the only type of radiation coming from the stars–electromagnetic radition
Light is just one form of electromagnetic radiation
Other forms include: Radio Waves, Infrared Waves, Ultraviolet Waves, X-Rays, and Gamma Rays.
Spectroscopy
Vapours of different elements give off different colours when heated to incandescent (when something is hot enough to glow)
If this incandescence is viewed with a spectroscope, different spectral lines can be seen like a fingerprint–always going to be the same to that element and it is unique
Astronomers can match spectral lines emitted from starts with known spectral lines from elements, and determine the composition of of the star or its atmosphere
Spectroscopy also provides information about star movement based on the SHIFT of spectral lines (doppler effect)
Doppler effect
Is the apparent change in the frequency of a wave caused by the relative motion between the source of the wave and the observer. So fast duck swimming would create compressed waves in front of it and less compressed behind it (moving towards you).
Red vs blue wavelengths
red means that the wavelength is streched out and its on the longer side of the spectrum
blue means the wavelength is compressed and it is on the short side of the spectrum
