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Spring 2015 > ASTR - Intro to the Universe Test 1 > Flashcards

ASTR - Intro to the Universe Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Universe?

A

The entirety of everything that is physical.

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2
Q

What is the universe made up of?

A

Galaxies

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3
Q

What are galaxies made up of?

A

Stars

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4
Q

What could each star potentially be?

A

A solar system

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5
Q

What do you call a star with planets orbiting it?

A

Solar system

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6
Q

What may orbit the planets?

A

Moon (natural satellites)

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7
Q

What are planets?

A

Non-stellar objects that orbit s a central star

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8
Q

How many planet does our solar system have?

A

8

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9
Q

Name the planets in order.

A

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune

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10
Q

What are the 2 types of planets?

A

Terrestrial and Jovian

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11
Q

What are the terrestrial planets?

A

Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars

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12
Q

What are the Jovian planets?

A

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune

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13
Q

What makes a planet terrestrial?

A
  • Close to the sun
  • Closely spaced orbit
  • Small masses
  • Small radii
  • Predominately rocky
  • Solid surface
  • High density
  • Slower rotation
  • Weak magnetic fields
  • Few moons
  • No rings
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14
Q

What makes a planet jovian?

A
  • Far from the sun
  • Widely paced orbits
  • Large masses
  • Large radii
  • Predominately Gaseous
  • No solid surface
  • Low density
  • Faster rotation
  • Strong magnetic fields
  • Many Moons
  • Many rings
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15
Q

What is the definition of a planet according to the International Astronomical Union (IAU)?

A
  • orbits the sun (or a star)
  • is large enough for its own gravity to make it spherical
  • has “cleared the neighborhood” of smaller objects
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16
Q

What are objects called if they orbit the Sun and are rounded by self-gravity, but have not cleared the neighborhood around their orbits called?

A

Dwarf Planets

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17
Q

What is the definition of the a moon according to the IAU?

A

A body that orbits a planet

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18
Q

What are spherical blobs of hot gas called?

A

Stars

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19
Q

What kinds of gases does star contain?

A
  • 75% hydrogen
  • 24% helium
  • 1% everything else
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20
Q

What color are start from the hottest to the coolest?

A
  • blue
  • yellow
  • red
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21
Q

What can be used to measure the temperature of stars more accurately?

A

Spectroscopy

22
Q

What are 2 types of of clusters stars form?

A
  • Open clusters

- Globular clusters

23
Q

What are open star clusters?

A

Thousands of stars that reside int the disks of galaxies

24
Q

What are globular star clusters?

A

Hundreds of thousands of stars located in the halo of galaxies

25
Q

What are the 4 types galaxies?

A
  • Spiral
  • Barred Spiral
  • Elliptical
  • Irregular
26
Q

How large is Earth?

A
  • about 13,000 km in diameter

- about 4 moons

27
Q

How large is Saturn and Jupiter in relation to Earth?

A

About 10 times larger than Earth

28
Q

How big are jovian planets in relation to terrestrial?

A

Jovian planets are about 10 times wider and taller than terrestrial planets

29
Q

How big is the Sun?

A

About 10 times larger than a Jovian planet.

30
Q

What are the types of stars?

A
  • Supergiant Stars
  • Giant Stars
  • Main Sequence (“Normal”) Stars
  • Dwarf Stars
31
Q

What are stars with plenty of hydrogen called?

A

Main Sequence Stars

32
Q

What are stars called that are running out of hydrogen fuel?

A

Supergiant stars, giant stars, and dwarf stars

33
Q

What are the size of Supergiants compared to our Sun?

A

They are hundreds of times larger

34
Q

What are the size of Giant stars compared to our Sun?

A

They are tens of times larger

35
Q

What is the size of White Dwarfs compared to our Sun?

A

They are hundreds of time smaller (they same size as a terrestrial planet)

36
Q

What is the size of Blue normal stars compared to our Sun?

A

They are roughly ten times larger

37
Q

What is the size of Red normal stars compared to our Sun?

A

They are roughly ten times smaller (the same size as a Jovian planet)

38
Q

What does a light year measure?

A

Time

39
Q

What is a light year?

A

the distance that light travels in one year

40
Q

What is the average spacing between stars?

A

4 to 5 light-years

41
Q

What is the distance from our Sun to the center of the galaxy?

A

28,000 light years

42
Q

What is the distance for he diameter of the Milky Way Galaxy?

A

100,000 light-years

43
Q

Where are the closest stars to the Sun located?

A

The Alpha-Centauri complex

44
Q

What star is closest to our sun?

A

Proxima Centauri

45
Q

How far away is the closest star to our Sun?

A

4.3 light-years away

46
Q

How far away is our moon?

A

About 30 Earth diameters away (375,000 km) (1.25 light-second)

47
Q

How big is the Sun in diameter?

A

About 100 Earths

48
Q

How far away is Earth from the Sun?

A

About 100 Sun diameters

49
Q

How many stars are in our galaxy?

A

About 100 billion

50
Q

What is the closest galaxy?

A

Andromeda

51
Q

How far away is the Andromeda Galaxy?

A

2.5 million light-years away (25 Milky Ways)

52
Q

How big is the Universe?

A

about 93 billion light-years in diameter

Spring 2015 (4 decks)

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