Astigmatism and Presbyopia

Question 1

is equal to the difference in refracting power of the two principal meridians.

Answer 1

Amount of astigmatism

Question 2

It happens when the cornea has unequal curvature on the anterior surface

Answer 2

Corneal Astigmatism

Question 3

The sum of corneal astigmatism and residual astigmatism

Answer 3

Total Astigmatism

Question 4

It has three types of astigmatism

Answer 4

Regular Astigmatism

Question 5

The parallel rays of light do not come to a single point focus on or near the retina

Answer 5

Astigmatism

Question 6

When two principal meridians are perpendicular to each other

Answer 6

Regular Astigmatism

Question 7

A minus cylinder axis around the horizontal meridian

Answer 7

WTR Astigmatism

Question 8

The minus cylinder axis is around the vertical meridian

Answer 8

ATR Astigmatism

Question 9

This is associated with trauma, disease, or degeneration

Answer 9

Irregular Astigmatism

Question 10

It happens when one of the principal meridians is focused on the retina and the other is focused on the retina with accommodation relaxed

Answer 10

Simple Astigmatism

Question 11

Happens when both principal meridians are focused in front of the retina with accommodation relaxed

Answer 11

Compound Myopic Astigmatism

Question 12

The sum of the two axis of the two eyes equals approximately 180

Answer 12

Symmetrical Astigmatism

Question 13

This happens when you change the sphere in contact lens by diving the cylinder by two

Answer 13

Spherical Equivalent

Question 14

The first accurate description of astigmatism is credited to whom?

Answer 14

Thomas Young

Question 15

The first one to produce a distance test charts for astigmatism

Answer 15

John Green

Question 16

It is not a disease but a physiological condition that affects everyone at a certain age

Answer 16

Presbyopia

Question 17

It is also called as “short arm syndrome”

Answer 17

Presbyopia

Question 18

At what age does Presbyopia occur?

Answer 18

40-50

Question 19

It a lens based theory in which the amount of ciliary muscle contraction remains constant with age

Answer 19

H-H-G Theory

Question 20

Nutritional changes, action UV rays and exposure to intense infrared radiation are the causes of what?

Answer 20

Sclerosis

Question 21

It is the earliest stage at which symptoms or clinical findings document the near vision effects of the condition

Answer 21

Incipient Presbyopia

Question 22

It has an etiology of functional presbyopia

Answer 22

Absolute Presbyopia

Question 23

It is a condition which can still be overcome by a hard or forced ciliary effort

Answer 23

Facultative Presbyopia

Question 24

It is the maximum increase in optical power that an eye can achieve

Answer 24

Amplitude of Accommodation

Question 25

It is a small scale of Snellen chart

Answer 25

Near Chart VA

Question 26

It is mild laser hear used in a three-second procedure

Answer 26

LTK

Question 27

Some people choose to correct one eye for near and one eye for far

Answer 27

Monovision

Question 28

In the etiology of presbyopia where does neuromuscular changes belong?

Answer 28

Extralenticular changes

Question 29

What is the form of the pupil when presbyopia occurs?

Answer 29

Constricted

Question 30

It is the recession of near point with increase in age

Answer 30

Presbyopia