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Primary Eye and Vision Care > Astigmatism and Presbyopia > Flashcards

Astigmatism and Presbyopia Flashcards

1
Q

A theory in which, the reduced amplitude is due to progressive weakening of the ciliary muscle

A

Donder’s-Duane-Fincham

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2
Q

Another term for Presbyopia

A

Short arm syndrome

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3
Q

What are the causes of sclerosis

A

Nutritional changes, UV rays, infrared radiation

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4
Q

What instrument is used in measuring the amplitude of accommodation

A

RAF Rule

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5
Q

How to determine the proper add?

A

Amplitude of accommodation, near chart va and cross cylinder technique

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6
Q

_________ + _________ = Total Astigmatism

A

Corneal and residual

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7
Q

What are the 2 etiologies of astigmatism?

A

Corneal Astigmatism and Lenticular Astigmatism

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8
Q

What are the charts used for Astigmatism?

A

Clock Dial and Fan Dial

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9
Q

It is where the two principal meridians are perpendicular to each other

A

Regular Astigmatism

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10
Q

What are the 2 types of Symmetric Astigmatism?

A

Homologous and Heterologous

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11
Q

What are the 2 types of Asymmetric Astigmatism?

A

Homonymous and Heteronymous

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12
Q

What type of contact lens is used in Astigmatism?

A

Toric Astigmatism

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13
Q

What type of lens is used in Astigmatism?

A

Cylinder lenses

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14
Q

What are the residuals in total astigmatism?

A

Posterior cornea, lens and zonule

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15
Q

Who is the first one to accurately describe astigmatism?

A

Thomas Young

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16
Q

In minus cylinder lens, with-the-rule lies at what meridian?

A

1-30 and 150-180 degrees or horizontal meridian

17
Q

In minus cylinder lens, against-the-rule lies at what meridian?

A

60-120 degrees or vertical meridian

18
Q

It is where two principal meridians are not perpendicular to each other

A

Irregular Astigmatism

19
Q

A condition where there is an unequal curvature of the cornea

A

Astigmatism

20
Q

What are the clinical test performed in astigmatism?

A

Visual acuity test, autorefraction, keratometry, retinoscopy, and monocular subjective refraction

21
Q

It is when the cornea has unequal curvature on the anterior surface

A

Corneal Astigmatism

22
Q

Is a type of astigmatism when both principal meridians are focused behind the retina

A

Compound Astigmatism

23
Q

_______ is when parallel rays of light enter the eye and do not come to a single point focus on or near the retina

A

Astigmatism

24
Q

______________ means eye strain

A

Asthenopia

25
Q

________________ means old

A

Presbys

26
Q

____________ means eye

A

Ops

27
Q

A condition which you can still be overcome by a hard or forced ciliary effort

A

Facultative Presbyopia

28
Q

____________ is a lens based theory in presbyopia

A

HHG Theory

29
Q

_______ is the inability of the human eye to focus on objects up close that results with aging

A

Presbyopia

30
Q

What does LTK mean?

A

Laser thermal keratoplasty

Primary Eye and Vision Care (5 decks)

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