Astigmatism and Presbyopia

Question 1

It is defined as refractive condition in which a variation of power exists in different meridian of the eye.

Answer 1

Astigmatism

Question 2

It is known as Short arm syndrome.

Answer 2

Presbyopia

Question 3

It is a condition in which virtually no accommodative ability remains.

Answer 3

Absolute Presbyopia

Question 4

It is called when the two principal meridians are not perpendicular to each other.

Answer 4

Irregular Astigmatism

Question 5

The earliest stage at which symptoms or clinical findings document the near vision effects of the condition.

Answer 5

Incipient Presbyopia

Question 6

It is called when the two principal meridians are perpendicular to each other.

Answer 6

Regular Astigmatism

Question 7

In this condition, accommodative ability becomes insufficient for the patient’s usual near vision tasks at an earlier stage than expected.

Answer 7

Pre-mature Presbyopia

Question 8

The sum of corneal astigmatism and residual astigmatism.

Answer 8

Total Astigmatism

Question 9

It is a condition which can still be overcome by a hard or forced ciliary effort.

Answer 9

Facultative Presbyopia

Question 10

It is called when the crystalline lens has unequal curvature on the surface or in its layers.

Answer 10

Lenticular Astigmatism

Question 11

It is called the maximum increase in optical power that an eye can achieve in adjusting its focus from a far as possible to the nearest possible.

Answer 11

Amplitude of Accommodation

Question 12

It is called when the cornea has unequal curvature on the Anterior surface.

Answer 12

Corneal Astigmatism

Question 13

When adult patients eventually report visual difficulties when faced with gradually declining accommodative amplitude a d near task demand.

Answer 13

Functional Presbyopia

Question 14

When both eyes are With-the-rule.

Answer 14

Homologous

Question 15

The total of degrees representing the two weakest (or two strongest) meridians for both eyes 180°.

Answer 15

Symmetric Astigmatism

Question 16

When both eyes are Against - the-rule.

Answer 16

Heterologous

Question 17

Give atleast 1 char to test Astigmatism.

Answer 17

Fan Dial

Question 18

It is called a small scale snellen’s chart.

Answer 18

Near chart VA

Question 19

Give 1 optometric correction for Presbyopia.

Answer 19

Bifocals

Question 20

Give 1 optometric correction for Presbyopia.

Answer 20

Reading glasses

Question 21

This theory states that the reduced amplitude is due to progressive weakining of the ciliary muscle itself.

Answer 21

Donders-Duane-Fincham theory

Question 22

It is called when the two weakest or the strongest meridian of both eyes do not total of 180° upon addition of their meridional locations.

Answer 22

Assymetric Astigmatism

Question 23

It is called when the two eyes are With-the-rule or both are Against-the-rule.

Answer 23

Homonymous

Question 24

Give 1 reason that causes Sclerosis of the lens.

Answer 24

Nutritional changes

Question 25

Give 1 reason that causes Sclerosis of the lens

Answer 25

Action of UV rays

Question 26

When on eye is With-the-rule and other is Against-the-rule.

Answer 26

Heteronymous

Question 27

It is called when both principal meridians are focused either in front or behind the retina (with accommodation relaxed).

Answer 27

Compound Astigmatism

Question 28

Give 1 way to determine proper add.

Answer 28

Amplitude of Accommodation

Question 29

It is a condition in which near vision difficulties result from an apparent disease in the AA is dim light.

Answer 29

Nocturnal Presbyopia

Question 30

Give atleast 1 example of clinical tests.

Answer 30

Visual Acuity tests