Asthma, epiglottitis, etc Flashcards
What are the 4 categories of asthma?
Mild intermittent, mild persistent, moderate persistent, severe persistent.
What defines mild intermittent asthma, and what meds are used to treat it?
Symptoms < 2 days per week and <2 nights per month. Rescue meds only.
What defines mild persistent asthma, and what meds are used to treat it?
Symptoms 2 days per week(< 1 per day) and > 2 nights per month. Rescue meds and low dose inhaled steroids.
What defines moderate persistent asthma, and what meds are used to treat it?
Daily symptoms and > 1 night per week. Low dose steroids, beta 2’s, and rescue meds.
What defines severe persistent asthma, and what meds are used to treat it?
Continuous symptoms during the day and frequent nighttime symptoms.. High dose steroids, beta 2’s, and rescue meds.
What is an important teaching point for those taking inhaled steroids?
Rinse mouth, brush teeth after using them.
In what 3 ways does asthma affect the lungs/bronchi?
Inflammation, constriction, and excess mucous production.
What is theophyline, and what is a major nursing measure we perform when a patient is using it?
It is a xanthine(bronchodilator), mostly used in emergency rooms. Levels must be monitored.
What are some steroids used for asthma?
Flovent, Advair, and Pulmacort.
What long term bronchodilator is mentioned in her power point?
Serovent (salmeterol)
What is cromolyn?
A mast cell stabilizer.
Name the 3 rescue inhalers mentioned in the power point.
Albuterol, turbutaline, and metaproterinol.
What are some interventions for asthma?
Exercise, chest physiotherapy (cupping, and the oft mentioned flutter vest!), hyposensitization, and the all important 4th bullet in that slide, PROGNOSIS?
How would you define status asthmaticus
When interventions cannot relieve respiratory distress.
What is the best way to manage asthma?
Learn and avoid triggers.
CF is an ________ __________ dysfunction that affects what body systems?
Exocrine gland. Mainly pancreatic and resperatory, but also GI, repro, and
How is epiglottitis prevented?
The HIB vaccine.
What are the clinical manifestations of epiglottitis?
Sore throat, pain, tripod, retractions, inspiratory stridor, mild hypoxia, and general distress.
What S/S of CF are manifested in the digestive tract?
Steartorrhea (frothy stools from excess fat), and azotorrhea (foul smelling stool from undigested proteins)
What is often the first postnatal S/S of CF?
Meconium illeus.
What is the best tests for CF?
The chloride sweat test. Sodium will be 2-5 times greater.
Doses CF lead to Alkalosis or acidosis?
Acidosis.The sweat is alkalitic.
Respiratory manifestations of CF can lead to what other complications?
Pulmonary hypertension, cor pulmonale, respiratory failure, death.Can also lead to diabetes.
_. _______(a pathogen prevalent in CF patients) is extremely virulent and results in ____________.
B. Cepacia. Bacteremia, pulmonary deterioration, death.
What are some GI manifestations of CF?
Enzyme deficiency, COPD, sweat gland dysfunction, FTT, weight loss.
WHat are some S/S of CF?
Patchy atelectasis, cyanosis, clubbing, repeated bronchitis and pneumonia.
How does CF affect the reproductive system?
Delayed puberty in females and sterility in males.
How is CF treated?
CPT, bronchodilator, forced expiration, aggressive Tx of infections, home IV, aerosol ATB therapy, lung transplant.
How can otitis media be prevented?
Reduce pacifier use after 6 months, don’t prop the bottle, limit 2nd hand smoke.
What is the main symptom of croup syndromes?
Barking cough.
What illnesses are included in croup syndromes?
Epiglottitis, laryngitis, laryngotracheobronchitis(LTB), and tracheitis.
Reactive airway disease includes _____,______, and ________.
Croup syndromes, asthma, and bronchiolitis.
RAD is _____, ______, amd __________.
reversible, self-limiting, and responsive to Tx.
What are the 3 types of dehydration. Describe each one.
Isotonic (lose water and lytes equally), hypotonic (lose more lytes), and hypertonic (lose less lytes).
What are a childs fluid requirements?
100ml/kg for the first 10 kg, 50 ml/kg for the nest 10kg, and 20ml/kg for any above 20kg
