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RC-Respiratory illnesses > Asthma Clinical Features in Children > Flashcards

Asthma Clinical Features in Children Flashcards

1
Q

Can you have asthma without a wheeze?

A

No, no wheeze then no asthma

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2
Q

What are common symptoms of asthma?

A

Wheeze

Cough

Shortness of breath

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3
Q

What are key things of asthma?

A

Variable/reversible

Multiple triggers

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4
Q

What are key things in the diagnosis of asthma?

A

Wheeze

Variability

Respond to treatment

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5
Q

What similarities are there between children and adult asthma?

A

Symptoms

Common

Same triggers

Same treatment

Same pathology

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6
Q

What are some differences between adults and childrens asthma?

A

Gender (prevalence in boys and girls)

Severe asthma

Occupational asthma uncommon in children

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7
Q

What is epidemiology?

A

Branch of medicine which deals with the incidence, distribution and possible control of diseases other factors relating to health

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8
Q

How many UK children suffer from asthma?

A

1 million children

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9
Q

How many children in Scotland suffer from asthma?

A

100,000 children

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10
Q

What percentage of UK children are on inhaled steroids?

A

5%

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11
Q

Where is asthma most common in the world?

A

Western countries, with the highest pervalence in the UK

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12
Q

What is aetiology?

A

The cause of disease

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13
Q

What can you say about the causes of asthma?

A

There are many, all leading to the same final common pathway to asthma

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14
Q

Why do people suffer from asthma at different stages of their lives?

A

It takes multiple hits to get above the threshold for clinical symptoms

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15
Q

What can you say about testing for asthma?

A

There is no definitive test for asthma

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16
Q

What is a wheeze the result of?

A

A narrowing airway due to:

Bronchoconstriction

Airway wall thickening

Luminal secretions

17
Q

How good are patients, generally, at describing a wheeze?

A

Most do not know what it is, confusing it with rattle, stridor or stertor

18
Q

When does shortness of breath at rest occur?

A

Due to significant respiratory difficulty (less than 30% of lung function) because of airway obstruction

19
Q

What is the cough due to asthma usually like?

A

Dry and nocturnal

20
Q

What are some triggers of asthma?

A

Viruses (rhinovirus in 75% of cases)

Exercise

Allergen

Cold air

Emotion

Menstruation

21
Q

What is the most common virus to trigger asthma?

A

Rhinovirus (75% of cases)

22
Q

What is atopy?

A

Genetic tendency to develop allergic diseases

23
Q

What does a patient who is suffering from asthma, ideally, show?

A

Wheeze

Shortness of breath

Multitrigger

Sinusoidal

Atopy

Parental asthma

Responds to treatment

24
Q

When someone is under 18 months, what are they likey suffering from?

A

Infection

25
Q

When someone is over 5 years, what are they likely suffering from?

A

Asthma

26
Q

What is something that sounds like asthma, and responds to asthma?

A

Asthma, regardless of age

27
Q

What must happen after treatment for asthma?

A

There must be a response for it to be asthma

28
Q

When it is not asthma, what could it be instead?

A

Bronchitis (2-3 years old, wet cough)

Pertussis (fits, vomits, haematoma)

Habitual cough (8 - 12 years old, single loud cough)

Tracheomalacia (lifelong loud cough)

Viral induced wheeze

Foreign body

Cystic fibrosis

Immune deficiency

Ciliary dyskinesia

29
Q

What are symptoms of bronchitis?

A

Loose rattly cough

Chest free of wheeze

Noisy breathing

30
Q

How long does bacterial bronchitis last?

A

More than 4 weeks

31
Q

How does bacterial bronchitis progress each winter?

A

Gets better each winter

32
Q

What are the arguements for arguing whether to treat or not treat bacterial bronchitis?

A

No treatment - self limiting

Treatment - quality of life, risk of diarrhoea

33
Q

What is pertussis?

A

Whooping cough

34
Q

How rare is whooping cough?

A

Common

35
Q

What are symptoms of pertussis (whooping cough)?

A

Coughing fits

Vomiting

Colour change

Petechiae

36
Q

What is petechiae?

A

Tiny red, purple or brown spots on the skin

RC-Respiratory illnesses (15 decks)

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