Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CPR II EXAM II > Asthma and COPD Drugs > Flashcards

Asthma and COPD Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Precipitating or Aggravating Factors

A
  • Exercise
  • Endocrine
  • Drugs
  • Weather changes
  • Allergens
  • Emotional expression
  • Food additives
  • ETC
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Components of Asthma Management

A
  • routine monitoring of symptoms and lung function
  • Patient education to create a partnership between clinician and patient
  • controlling environmental factors and co-morbid conditions that contribute to asthma severity
  • pharmacologic therapy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Goal of Asthma management

A
  • Reduction in impairment

- Reduction of risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Asthma Drug Categories

A
  • Anti-inflammatory

- Bronchodilators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Anti-inflammatory Drugs

A
  • Hormone containing (Corticosteroids)
  • Abs
  • Leukotriene receptor modifiers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Bronchodilators Classes

A
  • Beta-2 agonists
  • Anticholinergic drugs
  • Methylxantines
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

B2 agonists

A
  • relax airway smooth muscle cells of all airways

- act as functional antagonists, reverse and prevent contraction by bronchoconstrictors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

List of B2 Agonists

A
  • Albuterol
  • Terbutaline
  • Metaproterenol
  • Pirbuterol
  • Levalbuterol
  • Fomoterol
  • Salmeterol
  • Indacaterol and Vilanterol
  • Olodaterol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Albuterol

A
  • SABA
  • Indications: asthma, acute bronchitis, COPD, bronchiolitis
  • Adverse Effects: headache, dizziness, insomnia, dry mouth, cough
  • Contraindications/Warnings: Paradoxical bronchospasm, deterioration of asthma, CV effects, immediate hypersensitivity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Terbutaline

A
  • SABA
  • ONLY subcutaneous B2 drug
  • Indications: prophylaxis of bronchospasm associated w/ asthma, bronchitis and emphysema in pts. 12+ years
    Cautions: Not recommended for tocolysis (uterine contractions)
  • Adverse effects: headache, nausea, tachycardia and palpitations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Metaproterenol

A
  • SABA
  • Indications: bronchial asthma for reversible bronchospasm that may occur in association w/ bronchitis and COPD
  • Cautions: can produce CV effects in some, can cause paradoxical bronchospasm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pirbuterol

A
  • SABA
  • Indications: prevention and reversal of bronchospasm. 12+ years. Used w/ or w/o concurrent theophylline and/or corticosteroid therapy
  • Cautions: CV - can produce CV effects in some.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Levalbuterol

A
  • SABA
  • treatment or prevention of bronchospasm
  • 4+ years
    Cautions: paradoxical bronchospasm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Fomoterol

A
  • LABA
  • 5+ years
  • add on to long-term asthma control med such as inhaled corticosteroids
  • maintenance treatment of bronchoconstriction in pts w/ COPD
  • Contraindications: do not use w/o use of a long term medication such as an inhaled corticosteroid. Use increases risk of asthma-related deaths and hospitalizations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Salmeterol

A
  • LABA
  • 4+ years
  • Prevent exercise-induced bronchospasm
  • maintenance treatment of bronchospasm associated w/ COPD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Indacaterol and Vilanterol

A
  • LABA

- treat breathing problems caused by COPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Olodaterol

A
  • LABA

- long-term, once daily maintenance bronchodilator of airflow obstruction in pts w/ COPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

LABA

A
  • use w/ long-term control med like an inhaled corticosteroid
  • increase risk of asthma related deaths and hospitalizations
19
Q

Anticholinergic Drugs

A
  • block Ach

- inhibit parasympathetic nerve impulses

20
Q

Atropine

A
  • muscarinic antagonist
  • used to temporarily block severe or life threatening muscarinic effects
  • Cautions: in pts with CAD, the total dosage should be restricted to 2-3 mg in order to avoid detrimental effects of atropine induced tachycardia
  • Temporary block
21
Q

Ipratropium

A
  • maintenance treatment of bronchospasm
  • mAchR antagonist
  • potent atropine analog that is poorly absorbed after aerosol administration
  • relatively free of systemic atropine like effects
22
Q

Tiotropium

A
  • long term, once daily maintenance
23
Q

Aclidinium

A
  • long term maintenance
24
Q

Methylxanthines

A
  • derived from xanthine (produced by plants and animals)
  • treats airway obstruction by asthma, chronic bronchitis or emphysema
  • Theophylline
  • Theobromine
  • Caffeine
25
Q

Theophylline

A
  • smooth muscle relaxation (bronchodilation)
  • suppression of airway response to stimuli
  • Cautions: pts w/ active peptic ulcer disease, seizure disorders and cardiac arrhythmias
26
Q

Inhaled corticosteroids

A
  • most effective controllers for asthma
  • most effective anti-inflammatory agents used for asthma therapy
  • reduce eosinophils in airway and sputum, and # of activated T cell and mast cells in airway mucosa
  • major effect: switch off transcription of multiple activated genes that encode inflammatory proteins
27
Q

ICS Drugs

A
  • Beclomethasone
  • Budesonide
  • Ciclesonide
  • Flunisolide
  • Fluticasone
  • Momestasone
  • Triamcinolone
28
Q

Beclomethasone

A
  • ICS
  • maintenance and prophylactic treatment
  • 5+
  • used when oral is required to reduce or eliminate the need
  • Cautions: take care when transferring from oral corticosteroids
29
Q

Budesonide

A
  • prophylactic
  • 6+
  • Caution: do not use as primary treatment for status asmaticus or other acute episodes
30
Q

Ciclesonide

A
  • prophylactic
  • 12+
  • Cautions: not for acute bronchospams. Not recommended w/ Candida infections, Tb, fungal, bacterial, viral or parasitic infection
31
Q

Flunisolide

A
  • maintenance
  • adult and 6+
  • for patients requiring oral corticosteroids to reduce or eliminate need for them
  • Contraindicated: acute and status asmaticus
32
Q

Fluticasone

A
  • prophylactic
  • 4+
  • Cautions: Candida infection of the mouth and pharynx may occur. monitor patients
33
Q

Mometasone

A
  • prophylactic
  • 4+
  • Contraindicated: pts w/ milk protein allergies
34
Q

Triamcinolone

A
  • phophylactic
  • indicated in pts on oral corticosteroids
  • not for acute relief
  • Cautions: transferring from systemic corticosteroids. Deaths due to adrenal insufficiency
35
Q

Oral and Parenteral Corticosteroids

A
  • used in combination w/ SABA to treat moderate to severe asthma flare ups
  • more likely to cause side effects than ICS
36
Q

Prednisone

A
  • OCS
  • anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive agent
  • used to treat certain endocrine conditions
  • Cautions: may lead to HPA axis suppression
  • Monitor for Cushing’s and hyperglycemia
37
Q

Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists

A
  • Zafirlukast and Montelukast
  • selective reversible antagonists of CysLT1 receptors
  • taken orally
  • brochodilators
  • anti-inflammatory action
  • less effective than ICS
  • glucocorticoid sparing effect
38
Q

Montelukast

A
  • inhibits physiologic actions of LTD4 at the CysLT1 receptor w/o agonist activity
  • Treat allergies and prevent asthma attacks
  • not indicated for treatment of acute attacks
39
Q

Zirfirlukast

A
  • Selective and competitive antagonist for Leukotriene D4 and E4: components of slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis
  • Cautions: hepatotoxicity
40
Q

Zileuton

A
  • 5-LO inhibitor
  • used as prophylaxis and chronic treatment of asthma
  • adults and 12+
  • Cautions: not recommended when active acute liver disease or persistent hepatic function enzyme elevations are >/= 3x upper limit of normal
41
Q

Monoclonal Ab Drugs

A

Work in 4 ways

  • binds to free IgE, decreasing cell bound IgE
  • decreases expression of high-affinity receptors
  • decreases mediator release
  • decreases allergic inflammation and prevent exacerbation of asthma and reduces Sx
42
Q

Omalizumab

A
  • anti-IgE
  • moderate to sever persistant asthma
  • 6+
  • with positive skin test or in vitro reactivity to a perennial aeroallergen
  • chronic idiopathic urticaria in adults and 12+
  • Caution: anaphylaxis: give only in the healthcare setting
43
Q

Asthma-COPD Overlap

A
  • different clinical presentations and underlying inflammatory mechanisms
  • some pts w/ asthma have features of COPD
  • some pts w/ COPD have features of asthma w/ more reversibility and icreased airway and blood eosinophils

CPR II EXAM II (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions