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Medsurg2❌ > Asthma > Flashcards

Asthma Flashcards

0
Q

Signs of hypoxemia

A

Inc bp, inc pulse, restlessness,anxiety

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1
Q

Wheezing breathless chest tightness cough night and early morning

A

Asthma

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2
Q

As asthma worsen u find..

A

Hyperresonance, wheezing, thick stringy mucus, diff to speak in complete sentence, rr above 30 with accessory muscles

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3
Q

Silent chest

A

Decreased air movement due to muscle exhaustion diminished breath sounds severe obstruction or respiratory failure

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4
Q

Too dyspneic to speak, sweating, peak flow of less than 25% of personal best bradycardia and close the respiratory arrest, drowsy and confused difficult to hear breath sounds

A

Life threatening asthma

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5
Q

Use bronchial dialator to determine bronchoconstriction reversibility which will establish asthma diagnosis.. results are normal in between attacks

A

Pft

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6
Q

Monitor or diagnose asthma, compare with persons previous best

A

Pefr

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7
Q

Drug therapy long-term medication for asthma

A

Antiimflammatory,
Corticoids
-inhaled fluticasone
-oral ,predisone

Bronchodialtor
Laba, salmeterol, inhaled
Laba, albuterol,oral
Methryxanthines, theophylline

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8
Q

Quick relief medications for asthma

A

Bronchodialators

  • Saba ,albuterol
  • anticholinergics ipaprotium

Antiimflammatory
-corticosteroids like prednisone

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9
Q

Level of control is determined by

A

FEV1 exacerbations and advese treatment effects

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10
Q

What to do in a asthma rescue plan

A

Any kind of asthma, patient take 2 -4 puffs of albuterol SABA q20 min 3x

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11
Q

Difficulty breathing at activity only. “Can’t get enough air”Peak flow greater than 70% of personal best

A

Mild exacerbation of asthma

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12
Q

Dyspnea interfere with usual activities and PeAK flow 40 to 60% personal best give SABA oral steroids

A

As asthma moderate exacerbation

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13
Q

If have severe life-threatening exacerbation of asthma

A

Give SABA three treatments at 2o to 30 minutes apart

If severe asthma and give SABA and ipraprtium to get partial relief

.

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14
Q

If the patient has no response to the asthma treatments

A

Give intubation or mechanical ventilation and 100% oxygen every hour continued SABA etc.

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15
Q

What is bronchial thermoscopy

A

For severe asthma, add heat through catheter (fiber-optic bronchoscope) parentheses on bronchial walls

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16
Q

What anti-inflammatory drug is more effective than any of the long-term drug and also how species hyperresponsiveness

A

Corticosteroids

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17
Q

Only used with ICS never alone added in 3+step

A

Laba

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18
Q

No caffeine the loud report toxicity shown by nausea and vomiting seizures insomnia and is a alternative for step two is job is bronhiole dilation and mild anti-inflammatory. Has issue with drug interaction must be taken with food and anti-acids because it will cause G.I. distress nausea headache take a cardio seizure and narrow therapeutic book range

A

Methyxanrhjne theopHylline

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19
Q

If asthma symptoms persist or the peak flow is below 50%

A

Get emergency

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20
Q

If patients with acute asthma is a health care what do you need to check for

A

Lung soung, HR, RR,BP, ABG,O2,peak flow

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21
Q

Presence of chronic productive cough for three months in each of the two consecutive years in a patient who other causes upon a cough are excluded

A

Chronic bronchitis

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22
Q

Anti trypsin is for what and replace with what

A

Replace with Prolastin, Att in lung and protects the lungs from breaking down from inflmmation severe ATt deficiency can cause premature bolus emphysema

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23
Q

The inflammatory cells of COPD are

A

Neutrophils macrophages and lymphocytes

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24
Q

Asthma the inflammatory cells

A

mast cells neutrophils macrophages which will attract leukotrienes ans cytokines at the end the lung structure will change

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25
Q

what’s symptoms of COPD

A

Barrel chest inability to expire air hyper expanded long overinflated lungs dyspneic probably hypoxemia hypercapnia, CO2 retention excessive mucus bullae destroyed alveolitis due to aIr trapping

26
Q

What happens during the late course of COPD

A

Pulmonary hypertension due to vasoconstrictive arteries and thick arteries, patients won’t have hypoxia atnrest until late stage but can still happen at exercise so do give oxygen .
for a hypertension can cause hypertrophy on right ventricular valve of the hearts cor pulmonale right ventricle dilates right side heart failure

27
Q

Pulmonary hypertension can cause

A

Rv hypertrophy, right heart failure after dialate

28
Q

Systemic diseases of the COPD

A

Cardiovascular muscle wasting CACHEXIA osteoporosis metabolic syndrome and diabetes

29
Q

Early-stage COPD symptoms

A

Unproductive chronic cough, decreased airflow secretly, progressive dyspnea on exertion every day ,cannot the deep breathe, heavy chest and air hunger so some difficulties with ADL

30
Q

Copd late stage

A

Dyspnea of rest, increased trapped, flat diaphragm, accessory muscles - chest breathing, wheezing chest tightness of been following activities

31
Q

Advanced COPD

A

Fatigue weight-loss and anorexia

32
Q

Prolonged expiration, wheezing, decreased breath sounds, barrel chest, sitting upright with pursed lip breathing and assessory muscle. Increase hemoglobin

A

Copd

33
Q

Edema on ankle is

A

Right heart cor pulmonale

34
Q

Mild stage of COPD is what FEV

A

More than or equal to 80

35
Q

Moderate COPD is what FDV

A

50 to 80%

36
Q

Severe COPD is How many FEV

A

30-50

37
Q

If the FEV is less than30 for COPD

A

Very severe COPD

38
Q

Most common chronic sympt of cor pulmonale

A

Dyspnea

39
Q

Distended neck , right upper quadrant tender hepatomegaly peripheral edema and weight gain

A

Right heart manisfestation

40
Q

Three things to treat cor pulmonales

A

Bronchial dilatiooxygen 15 or more hours today

Diuretic

41
Q

HCO3 level late COPD stage

A

Normal to hi

42
Q

If late COPD patient is breathless

A

Give SABA

43
Q

Late COPD stage need to be treated something

A

CPAP

44
Q

Three symptoms of COPD exacerbation

A

Dyspnea , Sputum vol , nd purulence

45
Q

If patient has acute respiratory failure because it way too long to report or the discontinued the med you give now

A

Cardio selective b adrenergic blockers and chronic beta blocker prophylactic

46
Q

4 things that reduce COPD exacerbation

A

LA BA, long anti-cholinergic, ICS, rofluminast

47
Q

Two test to check the symptoms of COPD

A

MMRC dyspnea

CAT impact the life

48
Q

Test copd death

A

Bode

49
Q

ABGs of late COPD

A

Low O2 low pH high CO2 hi HCO3

50
Q

Early COPD ABGs

A

Normal to low oxygen .normal CO2

51
Q

Vaccines for COPD smokers

A

Flu shot and pneumococcal vaccine

52
Q

Moderate COPD which is FEV of greater than 60% use what drug

A

L ABA Longbronchodilator but for rescue can use short SABA

Can also add ICS to bronchodilator

53
Q

A drug that is anti phosdiesterase anti-inflammatory and a block the production of reactive oxygen radicals to decrease of COPD exacerbation

A

ROFLUMILAST

54
Q

The drive to breath depends on the carbon dioxide then the sensitivity drive to breath is lost

A

CO2 narcosis

55
Q

RARE, from too much oxygen ,PUL EDEM, CAUSE ARDS

A

Oxygen toxicity
More than 50% of oxygen given for 24 hours is potentially toxic
less than 40% for short time is non-toxic

56
Q

When nitrogen is not absorbed, nitrogen supposed to prevent collapse when is too much oxygen given the nitrogen is filtered out

A

Absorption atelectasis

57
Q

Infection the highest risk for wat nd by what organism and prevent is what

A

Heated nebulizers by Pseudomonas Aeruginosa prevented with Ballard closed suction system

58
Q

Wash nasal cannula is needed

Wen when, replace when

A

Wash 1-2x a week. Replace q.2-4wk

59
Q

If rbc hematocrit and hemoglobin goes down

A

Dyspnea

60
Q

If acute respiratory failure

A

So someone to help make sure patient have IV access device ready For. Stat give more than 94% maintainoxygen, High fowler

61
Q

Dyspnea, dec chest movement ,decreased breath sounds hyperresonance the solution is insert tube or a flutter valve

A

Pneumothorax

62
Q

Considered in medical emergency showing signs of cyanosis and air hunger ,agitate, sub q emphysema, hyperrresonance.

Needle compression and chest to chest drainage

A

Tension pneumothorax

Medsurg2❌ (1 decks)

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