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PULMONOLOGY > ASTHMA > Flashcards

ASTHMA Flashcards

1
Q

Wheezing is a sign of asthma.

A

False.

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2
Q

Diagnosis of COPD is through a spirometry report.

A

True.

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3
Q

What is the magic number of the FEV1/FVC in the diagnosis of COPD?

A

0.7

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4
Q

Is asthma a reversible condition?

A

Yes, asthma is reversible.

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5
Q

Is asthma a chronic inflammatory disorder?

A

Yes, asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways.

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6
Q

Is asthma curable?

A

No, it is persistent.

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7
Q

Which cells are the main actors in the pathogenesis of asthma?

A

Mast cells and basophils.

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8
Q

What immune response triggers asthma?

A

IgE-mediated immune response.

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9
Q

Which hypothesis suggests that overzealous cleanliness during childhood leads to an increase in allergic responses?

A

The Hygiene Hypothesis.

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10
Q

What are predisposing factors for asthma?

A

Childhood respiratory infections,
TB infection,
smoking mothers during pregnancy,
malnutrition,
environmental factors, and
atopy.

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11
Q

What triggers asthma symptoms in the airways?

A

Airway obstruction due to intense bronchoconstriction and smooth muscle constriction.

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12
Q

What is the main difference between asthma and COPD in terms of reversibility?

A

Asthma is reversible, while COPD is irreversible.

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13
Q

Which respiratory condition has episodic bronchospasm, asthma or COPD?

A

Asthma.

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14
Q

What environmental factors commonly trigger asthma?

A

Cold air, strong emotions, airborne allergens (e.g., pollen, animal dander), and workplace triggers.

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15
Q

How do bronchodilators help asthma patients?

A

They relax smooth muscles and improve airflow.

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16
Q

What is a common trigger for asthma that can occur during workdays but not at home?

A

Workplace allergens.

17
Q

How does gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) affect asthma?

A

GERD can trigger asthma by acid traveling to the upper airway, leading to airway hyperresponsiveness.

18
Q

What family history is common in asthma patients?

A

Family history of asthma, rhinitis, or eczema.

19
Q

What does the GINA report say about the pathogenesis of asthma?

A

Asthma involves chronic inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, and recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing.

20
Q

What medication class is considered the cornerstone in the management of COPD?

A

Bronchodilators.

21
Q

What is the difference between the airflow limitation in asthma and COPD?

A

Asthma involves reversible bronchoconstriction, while COPD involves irreversible narrowing and alveolar destruction.

22
Q

What are LABA and LAMA drugs used for in the treatment of COPD?

A

LABA (long-acting beta agonists) and LAMA (long-acting muscarinic antagonists) are bronchodilators used to manage COPD symptoms.

23
Q

What is a common component of inhalers for managing asthma?

A

Combination of LABA and ICS (Inhaled Corticosteroids).

24
Q

What is a typical recommendation for patients with asthma and identified allergens?

A

Minimize exposure to allergens, especially in the home and workplace.

25
Q

What is the role of corticosteroids in managing asthma?

A

Corticosteroids reduce inflammation and prevent exacerbations.

26
Q

What type of medications are used to prevent asthma exacerbations?

A

Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS).

27
Q

What should patients with COPD do if they are smokers?

A

They should stop smoking.

28
Q

What is the recommended strategy for improving lung function in COPD patients?

A

Pulmonary rehabilitation, including exercises and psychosocial support.

29
Q

What should be the focus of education for tobacco workers regarding COPD?

A

Educate them about the negative effects of tobacco and encourage quitting smoking.

30
Q

Is vaping related to COPD?

A

Vaping causes acute lung injury but does not lead to chronic COPD.

31
Q

How should patients with COPD be advised regarding vaccinations?

A

They should receive pneumococcal, influenza, and RSV vaccines to prevent infections.

32
Q

What is the recommended course of action for a patient non-compliant to treatment?

A

Address their mindset, involve family, and be honest about the consequences of non-compliance.

33
Q

Can inhaled corticosteroids be used to stabilize asthma?

A

Yes, they are used as controller medications in asthma.

34
Q

Is asthma linked to an autoimmune response involving IgA vasculitis?

A

No, IgA vasculitis is not caused by asthma treatment; it is an autoimmune condition.

35
Q

What are examples of oral bronchodilators?

A

Doxofylline, Aminophylline, Theophylline

36
Q

What is an example of a parenteral bronchodilator?

A

Aminophylline

37
Q

Name a short-acting beta-2 agonist bronchodilator.

A

Salbutamol
Terbutaline,
Levalbuterol,
Pirbuterol,
Isoetharine,
Bitolterol,
Fenoterol,
Procaterol

38
Q

What is a long-acting beta-2 agonist bronchodilator?

A

(S-FA-COI)

Salmeterol
Formoterol,
Arformoterol,
Carmoterol,
Olodaterol,
Indacaterol

PULMONOLOGY (4 decks)

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