Asthma Flashcards
What is the primary mechanism of action of salbutamol?
Agonist at the β2 receptor on airway smooth muscle cells. Activation reduces Ca2+ entry and this prevents smooth muscle contraction.
What does salbutamol act on?
Beta 2 (β2) adrenergic receptor
What are the side effects of salbutamol?
Palpitations/ agitation
Tachycardia/ Arrythmias
Hypokalaemia (at higher doses)
Why can cardiac side effects of salbutamol be seen?
Beta 2 selectivity is not absolute – as a result, cardiac (beta 1) effects can be seen.
What can exacerbate the hypokalaemia seen with patients given salbutamol?
Hypokalaemia can be caused via an effect on sodium/ potassium ATPase. This effect can be exacerbated by coadministration with corticosteroids
What is the mechanism of action of Fluticasone?
Fluticasone directly decreases inflammatory cells such as eosinophils, monocytes, mast cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. It reduces the number of these cells and also the number of cytokines they produce
What is the drug target of Fluticasone?
Glucocorticoid receptor
What are the local side effects of Fluticasone?
Sore throat, hoarse voice, opportunistic oral infections
What is the relevance of Fluticasone having a low bioavailability?
Oral bioavailability <1%. Therefore, any systemic delivery via the inhaled route is predominantly through the pulmonary vasculature.
What is mometasone similar to?
Fluticasone and Budesonide
Which is the least potent between Mometasone, Fluticasone and Budesonide?
Budensonide
What is the bioavailability of Budesonide and what are the implications of this?
Oral bioavailability >10%. Therefore, inhaled budesonide will still result in some systemic absorption through the gastro-intestinal tract.
What is the mechanism of action of Montelukast?
Antagonism of CysLT1 leukotriene receptor on eosinophils, mast cells and airway smooth muscle cells decreases eosinophil migration, broncho-constriction and inflammation induced oedema
What is the drug target of montelukast?
CysLT1 leukotriene receptor
What are the side effects of montelukast?
Mild side effects:
Diarrhoea
Fever
Headaches
Nausea or vomiting
Serious side effects:
Mood changes
Anaphylaxis