ASTHMA Flashcards
Asthma is an Obstructive or Restrictive lung disease? Explain
Obstructive
-When a patient has asthma, it is hard for patient to EXHALE air
Asthma is Reversible or Irreversible?
REVERSIBLE
What happens to the bronchioles in Asthma?
-Inflamed
-Airway hyper-responsiveness
Health Education for Client with asthma?
-Smoking cessation
-Influenza and Pneumonia Vaccinations
-Avoid triggering events
-Regular exercise (Promotes Ventilation and Perfusion
What are the RF for Asthma?
Older Adult
Obesity
Gerd
Chronic Viral Infection
What are the 3 Expected findings in asthma?
- Dyspnea
- Anxiety
- Chest Tightness
What are the CM for asthma?
B - barrel chest / increased diameter
U - use of accessory muscle
M - mucus production
P - Poor 02 sat
P - prolonged exhalation
Wheezing + Cough
What is the most accurate test in diagnosing asthma?
PFT
Pulmonary Function Test
What would you see on Pulmonary Function Test of a client with Asthma?
Decreased FEV1 of 15% - 20% below the expected value
What could be the nursing care for client with asthma?
-High Fowler
-O2 Therapy
-Monitor Cardiac and Respiratory Rate and Rhythm
What is an example of Short acting beta2 agonist?
ALBUTEROL
What does Short acting beta2 agonist like ALBUTEROL do?
It causes DILATION of the bronchioles to:
- Relieve Wheezing
- Open airways
- Provides rapid relief of acute asthma
- Prevents “exercise-induced” asthma
What should you watch out for a patient taking ALBUTEROL?
Tremors
Tachycardia
Corticosteroid such as Prednisone and Fluticasone are what type of medication?
-Anti-inflammatory agents
What is a good client education for a client taking Prednisone?
Take it with food
How should you perform a peak flow meter for a patient with asthma?
DAILY
—> if you are only achieving a “RED ZONE”, use reliever medication and seek emergency care
What are the 2 complications for asthma?
- Respiratory Failure
- Status Asthmaticus
What could lead to Respiratory Failure?
Persistent HYPOXEMIA
What could be a nursing action for patient experiencing Respiratory Failure?
-Monitor 02 levels and acid-base balance
-Intubation and Mechanical ventilation
What is status asthmaticus?
Episode of airway obstruction that is unresponsive to common treatment
what is the CM for status asthmaticus?
-Extreme Wheezing
-Labored Breathing
-Use of accessory muscle
-JVD
-risk for cardiac/respiratory arrest
What could be a nursing action for patient experiencing Status Asthmaticus?
-Emergency Intubation
-IV Fluids, Oxygen, Bronchodilators, Epinephrine
What are the other 3 manifestations of ASTHMA?
-Broncho-constriction
-Mucosal Edema
-Mucus production
What triggers an asthma attack?
Smoking
What does Sputum and Blood Test reveal for patient with asthma?
-Increase IgE
-Hypoxemia (because of airway obstruction)
-Hypocapnia (may lead to respiratory alkalosis)
During the exacerbation of asthma, what happens to FEV1 and FVC?
DECREASED
What should be obtained from the patient when collecting data?
Family Hx
Occupational Hx
Why do patients with asthma needs fluid?
They are usually DEHYDRATED from diaphoresis and fluid loss from hyperventilation
What does corticosteroid do?
decrease airway inflammation
Why is O2 therapy needed for patients with asthma?
Relieves HYPOXEMIA
What is the purpose of PEAK FLOW METER?
It helps to measure asthma severity
Explain to a client on how to use the peak flow meter
- Stand up
- Place lips around the mouthpiece
- Take a deep breath
- EXHALE HARD AND FAST
- Record the achieved indicator
—> do it 3x and write the highest number
What are the 4 Nursing Intervention for patients with asthma?
B - breathing assessment
L - Lung auscultation
E - Elevate HOB
S - Supplemental 02
