Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Sports Pharmacology > Asthma > Flashcards

Asthma Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Sports Trivia flashcards
1
Q

What area of the lungs is affected by asthma?

A

Bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What happens to the bronchioles during asthma?

A

Airway becomes inflammed and narrows
Smooth muscle contracts
Mucous production increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What stimuli provokes asthma?

A

allergens

airflow obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the physical signs of asthma?

A

1) inflammation of the lining of the airways (primary)
2) Bands of muscle tighten
3) mucus thickens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What happens on the cellular level during asthma following the introduction of stimuli?

A

Mast cells and IgE (immunoglobulin E) complex causes degranulation of mast cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is degranulation?

A

the emptying of the contents of the Mast cells

Mast cells release eosinophils and histamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are eosinophils?

A

cytokines, leukotrienes, and major basic protein that causes INFLAMMATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does histamine do?

A

Causes bronchoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the symptoms of asthma?

A

1) shortness of breath - cyanosis, anxiety, sweating
2) wheezing
3) chest tightness, pain, pressure
4) increased sputum production, chronic cough
5) fatigue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How are respiratory functions measured?

A 
PEFR (Peak expiratory flow rate)
FEV (forced expiratory volume)
Tidal volume
Vital capacity
Residual capacity
Total lung capacity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Peak expiratory flow rate?

A

highest velocity of expired air obtained, starting with fully inflated lungs - measured with peak flow meter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is FEV?

A

Forced expiratory volume - measured with a spirometer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does tidal volume measure?

A

normal breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is vital capacity?

A

volume of air expired after maximal inhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is residual capacity?

A

volume of air left in lungs AFTER MAXIMAL INHALATION AND EXPIRATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is total lung capacity?

A

Vital and residual capacity combined - asthmatics have decreased Vital capacity, increased Residual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What characterizes a MILD asthmatic?

A

Frequency of symptoms: 1/week
Nocturnal symptoms: none
Condition between episodes: asymptomatic
PEFR: 80%+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What characterizes a Moderate asthmatic?

A

Frequency of symptoms: 2/week
Nocturnal symptoms: 1/week
Condition between episodes: none besides wheeze
PEFR: 60-80% of non-asthmatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What characterizes a Severe asthmatic?

A

Frequency of symptoms: daily
Nocturnal symptoms: >2/week
Condition between episodes: hospitalized w/in year
PEFR: <60% normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the two types of inhalers?

A

Preventive and Rescue

21
Q

What are the 4 types of Preventative inhalers?

A

1) cromolyns
2) methlyxanthines
3) Leukotriene inhibitors
4) Corticosteroids

22
Q

What is the MOA for Cromolyn inhalers?

A

Mast cell stabilizer - prevents mast cell degranulation

23
Q

When should cromolyns be used?

A

4 weeks before allergy season, 4xday

24
Q

What are side effects for cromolyn inhalers?

A 
nasal congestion
coughing
sneezing
nose bleeds
dry throat
25
Q

What is the MOA for methlyxanthine tablets?

A

relaxation of smooth muscle - mostly COPD emphysema

26
Q

Why do methlyxanthine tablets relax smooth muscle?

A

they are related to coffee, so caffeine causes dilation, but can be toxic and has side effects of caffeine

27
Q

What are leukotrienes?

A

They are produced by the immune system and have a major role in asthma by inducing prolonged, slow contraction of smooth muscle in lungs to prevent allergens

28
Q

What is the MOA for leukotriene inhibitors?

A

antagonize leukotrienes and decreasing inflammation in the lungs as a result

29
Q

What are the three common leukotriene inhibitor tablets?

A

1) Accolate: BID dose on empty stomach - hepatic toxicity
2) singulair - no toxicity - taken before bed
3) zyflo - liver toxicity

30
Q

What is a corticosteroid?

A

Strong anti inflammatory

31
Q

What are the common inhaled corticosteroids?

A

1) fluticasone (flovent)
2) budesonide (pulmicort) dry powder inhaler
3) triamcinolone (azmacort)
4) flunisolide (aerobid & aerobid-M)

32
Q

What is the MOA for inhaled corticosteroids?

A

1) inhibition of phospholipase A2, which decreases AA cleavage, prevents COX2, decreases inflammation
2) decreases WBC infiltration into lungs

33
Q

What are side effects of inhaled corticosteroids?

A

dry mouth, hoarseness, candiasis (yeast infection)

34
Q

What are the adverse effects of high doses of corticosteroids?

A 
HPA suppression (adrenal insufficiency)
Hyperglycemia
Joint/cartilage damage
Osteoporosis
Decreased immune system
Child retardation
Poor healing
35
Q

What are the oral steroids for asthma?

A

Prednisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone

36
Q

When are oral steroids used?

A

in short bursts after hospitalization due to potency

37
Q

What is the result of HPA suppression?

A

hypothalamus stops releasing cortisol

38
Q

What can happen when transferring from oral to inhaled steroid?

A

HPA suppression - could lead to death due to adrenal insufficiency…common after transfer-gastroenteritis due to campylobacteria (electrolyte imbalance)

39
Q

What is the use for rescue inhalers?

A

used for acute attacks to dilate bronchioles immediately

40
Q

What is the MOA for rescue inhalers?

A

mimics epinephrine at the beta receptors

41
Q

Why must rescue inhalers hit the B2 receptors and not the B1 receptors?

A

beta receptors are epinephrine receptors…

B2 in lungs, B1 in heart - hitting B1 can cause severe tachycardia

42
Q

What are the common B2 receptor agonist rescue inhalers?

A

1) Albuterol (most common)
2) Bitolterol
3) Pirbuterol (maxair)
4) Salmeterol (severent) long acting
5) Levo-albuterol (xopenox) pure albuterol
6) Foradil - long acting

43
Q

What are the side effects of B2 inhalers?

A

skeletal muscle tremors

44
Q

Why are B2 inhalers used in combination with inhaled corticosteroids?

A

B2 primes lungs by opening up bronchioles quickly

45
Q

What is the MOA for anti-cholinergic inhalers?

A

prevents autonomic nervous system from keeping lungs constricted - cholinergic effect

46
Q

What are the therapy regimens for Mild asthmatics?

A

B2 agonist rescue inhalers for acute episodes

47
Q

What are the therapy regimens for Moderate asthmatics?

A

B2 agonist
Long acting bronchodilator (severent)
Corticosteroids or Leukotriene antagonists

48
Q

What are the therapy regimens for severe asthmatics?

A

all of the above, with oral corticosteroids added

Sports Pharmacology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions