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PCOL-MIDTERM > ASTHMA > Flashcards

ASTHMA Flashcards

1
Q

Refers to the movement of air in and out of the lungs through a series of
air passages.

A

Respiration

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2
Q

Bronchoconstriction and bronchodilation are a normal response and
important mechanism of the body
True or False?

A

True

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3
Q

It promotes bronchodilation and pulmonary vasodilation

A

cAMP

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4
Q

Main neurotransmitter of parasympathetic autonomic nervous system

A

Acetylcholine

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5
Q

Main neurotransmitter of sympathetic autonomic nervous system

A

Catecholamine

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6
Q

The main energy of our cell where the cAMP is obtained

A

ATP/Adenosine triphosphate

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7
Q

ATP is converted into cAMP by using an enzyme called?

A

adenylyl cyclase

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8
Q

Drugs that can stimulate Acetycholine

A

Beta 2 agonists

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9
Q

Physiologically characterized by increased responsiveness of the trachea
and bronchi to various stimuli

A

Bronchial Asthma

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10
Q

Drugs that are nonselective beta blockers that can cause bronchoconstriction

A

Propranolol and Metroprolol

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11
Q

A needle shape that results from the breakdown of

eosinophils

A

Charcott Leyden Crystal

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12
Q

A mucus plugs originating from small bronchi. It is

dangerous because it blocks air exchange and medication.

A

Curschmann spiral

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13
Q

First thing that happens during asthma which narrows the airways

A

Bronchospasm

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14
Q

Asthma is what type of pulmonary disease?

A

Obstructive

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15
Q

Give the 5 main events that occur in asthma

A

Triggering, Signaling, Migration, Cell Activation, Tissue stimulation and Damage

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16
Q

Activation of mast cells will result to release of?

A

histamine and leukotriene

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17
Q

It is the release of histamine and leukotriene when the antigen binds to IgE

A

degranulation

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18
Q

Signaling cells

A

Lymphocytes, eosinophils, epithelial cells, macrophages

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19
Q

It has a capability to communicate with other

inflammatory cells to go into the airway.

A

Cytokines (Interleukin 5)

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20
Q

What will be the cause of overproduction of cytokines?

A

Bronchoconstriction

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21
Q

This is where the upregulation of adhesion molecules begins

A

Migration

22
Q

movement of cell in response to chemical stimulus.

A

chemotaxis

23
Q

It appears to be important in the development of

bronchoconstriction, increased mucus production, increased vascular permeability, and hyperresponsiveness.

A

Leukotrienes

24
Q

Occurs as a result of these inflammatory

mediators released from activated cells.

A

Tissue stimulation and damage

25
Q

Highly inflammatory phagocytic white blood cells

A

Neutrophils

26
Q

It is also known as IgE mediated or allergic asthma that are common in children which Associated with a genetic predisposition, precipitated by known allergens

A

Extrinsic Asthma

27
Q

Attacks occur daily but not more than once a day

A

Moderate persistent

28
Q

Is a life-threatening condition that occurs when a severe asthma
exacerbation fails to respond to usual treatment.

A

Status Asthmaticus

29
Q

the thin covering that protects and cushions the lungs

A

pleural space

30
Q

Used to prevent asthma attacks

A

long-term

31
Q

MOA of Beta 2 Agonists

A

Stimulate ß2-receptors activating adenylyl cyclase

32
Q

First line in the treatment of acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma

A

Short acting w/ rapid onset

33
Q

Most common adverse effect of short-acting w/ rapid onset

A

tremor

34
Q

Prophylactic agent to reduce the frequency and severity of acute attacks and it is the only beta-2-agonist administered
orally

A

Bambuteron (Bambec)

35
Q

An example of a natural catecholamine that stimulates catecholamine receptor including beta 2

A

Epinephrine

36
Q

Why is Epinephrine cannot be given orally?

A

because it produces vasoconstricting effect, it limits its

own absorption, and it has a high first pass effect

37
Q

An indirect sympathomimetic agent because it does not directly bind to
receptor, but rather, it increases the level of catecholamines for it to bind
to the receptors

A

Ephedrine

38
Q

Last line treatment for asthma because they possess narrow therapeutic
index

A

Methylxanthines

39
Q

MOA of Methylxanthines at high concentrations

A

it inhibits several members of the
phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzyme family. Phosphodiesterase inactivates
CAMP and CGMP by means of hydrolysis

40
Q

Drugs that increases metabolism of methylxanthines:

A

Rifampicin, Carbamazepine, Phenobarbital, Phenytoin, Benzopyrene, Smoking

41
Q

Alternative for bronchial asthma because they are first line reliver for
COPD

A

Anticholinergics

42
Q

Why Ipratropium is combined with Salbutamol and Fenoterol?

A

The addition of ipratropium enhances the bronchodilation produced by
nebulized albuterol in acute severe asthma.

43
Q

Prophylactic agents for asthma. It is stable but extremely insoluble salts

A

Mast Cell Stabilizers

44
Q

An mast cell stabilizer that is poorly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and must be inhaled as a
microfine powder or aerosolized solution.

A

Cromolyn (Intal)

45
Q

A potent bronchoconstrictors, and are most likely candidates
for mediating allergic bronchospasms

A

Leukotrienes

46
Q

Why Zileuton (Zyflo) is least prescribed)

A

because it requires

four times daily dosing and because of occasional liver toxicity

47
Q

an inborn
error of metabolism that results in
decreased metabolism of the
amino acid phenylalanine.

A

Phenylketonuria

48
Q

A systemic vasculitis characterized by worsening

asthma, pulmonary infiltrates, and eosinophilia

A

Churg-Strauss syndrome

49
Q

Administration of corticosteroids for control of asthma

A

early in the morning, after endogenous ACTH

secretion has peaked because secretion of corticosteroids has a diurnal variation

50
Q

A mixture of helium and oxygen that has a lower density than air and because of its decreased airflow resistance, it may increase
ventilation during acute asthma exacerbations.

A

Heliox

PCOL-MIDTERM (2 decks)

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