ASTD Learning System Glossary

Question 1

Skills

Answer 1

refers to profiency, facility, or dexterity that isacquired or developed through training or experience

Question 2

Knowledge

Answer 2

relates to the cognitive abilities a person needs to be able to carry out a job. Knowledge involves the development of intellectual skills

Question 3

Performance

Answer 3

Describes the execution and accomplisment of some activity; it is not an adjective that describes the action itself

Question 4

Results

Answer 4

Refers to the goals an orgnaization strives for

Question 5

Performance Analysis

Answer 5

Measures the gap between desired and actual prformance

Question 6

Gilberts Behavior Engineering Model

Answer 6

Identified six factors that can either hinder or facilitate workplace performance: information, resource, incentives or consequences, knowledge and skills, cpacity, and motivation

Question 7

Rummler-Bache’s Nine Box Model

Answer 7

Is a matrix approach to performance management based on three levels of performance (orgnaization, process, and performer) and three dimensionsof performance (goals, design, and management)

Question 8

ASTD HPI Model

Answer 8

Is a results-basd, systematic process used to identify performance problems, analyze root causes, select and design solutions, manage solutions in the workplace, measure results, and comntinually improve performance in an organization

Question 9

Environment

Answer 9

is the setting or condition in whcih an activity occurs. Environment is a factor that affects performance and it can include tools, equipment, furniture, hardware, and software, and physical condfiitions, such as heat or cold, ventilation and so forth.

Question 10

Desire

Answer 10

is a factor that training cannot improve, referring to the fact that a person may be perfectly capable of carrying out a task, but is not motivate to do so

Question 11

Opportunity

Answer 11

Refers to whether a person is able or allowed to do a job. If a person is bogged down with tasks that do not support organiozational goals, he or she may never have time to do the work that does support those goals

Question 12

Business Analysis

Answer 12

The process of identifying and clarifying primary organizational goals, tartgets, or needs

Question 13

Root Cause Analysis

Answer 13

Used to determine why a performance gap exists and identify the contributing factors

Question 14

Harless’s Front-End Analysis Model

Answer 14

Is a diagnostic model designed by Joe Harless to identify the causeof a performance problem; the model is based on the belief that the cause should drive the solution

Question 15

International Society for Performance Improvements HPT Model

Answer 15

Starts with an operational analysis that identifies the organizations vision, mission, values, goals, and strategies; the phases of the HPT model are performance analysis, cause analysis, solution selectio design, solution implementation, and evaluation

Question 16

Wants-based approach

Answer 16

means that what the client wants, the client gets

Question 17

Needs-based approach

Answer 17

refers to activities that are implemented in response to a specific performance gap

Question 18

Results-based approach

Answer 18

is driven by a business need and a performance need and must also be justified by the results of a cause analysis

Question 19

Wants Based Approach

Answer 19

Means that what the client wants, the client gets

Question 20

Needs Based Approach

Answer 20

Refers to activities that are implemented in response to a specific performance gap

Question 21

Results Based Approach

Answer 21

Is driven by a business need and a performance need and must also be justified by the results of cause analysis

Question 22

Mergers and Acquisition Management

Answer 22

For the learning and development professional, involves mnaging changes in organizational structure and culture that occur as a result of mergers, acquisitions, and downsizing of organizations.

Question 23

Open System

Answer 23

One that continuously interacts with its environment. In organizations, an open system is said to allow people to learn from and influence one another because of their interconnect4edness an interdependence within the systemm

Question 24

Complex Systems

Answer 24

Have details whose role in the larger system cannot be understood fully by examing them apart of the from the system. By carefully studying the whole system, patterns can be identified

Question 25

Disengagement

Answer 25

Occurs when an individual reacts to change by appearing to lose interest and initiative

Question 26

Disidentification

Answer 26

Refers to an employee who feels that he has lost his identity and has become vulnerable

Question 27

Disorientation

Answer 27

Refers to feeling lost and confused. Disorientated employees do not know where the fit in or what they feel. They spend their time determining what should be done instead of how to do it. They do not know the priorities or hte direction of the organization

Question 28

Disenchantment

Answer 28

Is the feeling of being disappointed with something and no longer believing that it is good or worthwhile. A disenchanted employee may become negative and angry and seek support. This behavior may be a mask for other stages of resposne to change

Question 29

Business awarness

Answer 29

Is the understanding of key factors affecting a business, such as its current situation, influences from its industry or market, and factors affecting growth. Having business aareness is essential to strategic involvement with top management

Question 30

Appreciative Inquiry

Answer 30

Is an approach to large-scale organizational change that involves the analysis of positive and successful operations. The AI 4-D cycle (discoery, dream, design, destiny) includes identifying areas for improvement, analyzing previous successes, searching for solutions, and developing and action plan

Question 31

Open Space Technology

Answer 31

Is an approach for facilitating meetings, conferences, symposiums, and so forth that is focused on a specific purpose or task - but starting without any formal agenda beyond the overall purpose or theme. Open space meetings ensure that all issues and ideas that people are willing to raise are discussed

Question 32

Ladder of Inference

Answer 32

Represents different ways people make sense of and deal with everyday events. Individuals select and process certain aspects of events and introduce elements from this processing into their thinking, feeling and interactions

Question 33

Cause-and-Effect Analysis

Answer 33

Is a diagram based exercise to identify all the likely causes of a problem

Question 34

Gap Analysis

Answer 34

Is a critical activity carried out during performance analysisthat defiens driving and restraining forces, current state versus desired state, and methods for change

Question 35

Affinity Diagram

Answer 35

Gather large numbers of ideas, organize them into logical groupings based on the natural relationships among items, and define groups of itmes. The outcomes of affinity diagrams are large groups of ideas that are grouped into related clusters of ideas, each with a clear title and with the relationshiip among the clusters clearly drawn

Question 36

Interrealtionship Diagraphs

Answer 36

Are follow-ons to affinity diagrams they chart cause-and-effect relationships among groups of ideas

Question 37

Cause and Effect Analysis

Answer 37

Is a diagram based exercise (sometimes called a fishbone diagram) to identify all the lokely causes of a problem

Question 38

Population Analysis

Answer 38

Is used to analyze the demographics and characteristics of stakeholder; determine who will participate in a performance solution; and identify any education or experience factors, physical needs, and cultura influence that need to be considered and addressed

Question 39

Resource Analysis

Answer 39

(or constraints analysis) reviews the resources (including subject matter experts) needed for proposed solutions to determine whether the skills rquired for the solutions are available in houseor an external supplier is needed. It also identifies the physical resources, systems, and equipment to support the implementation of the solutions and the availability if required facilities