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ast Flashcards

1
Q

start of vocab on study guide.motion/speed

A

the rate at which an object moves which is DISTANCE OVER TIME or m/s. or pulling/tugging where point a gets to point b

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2
Q

mass

A

a measure of the amount/quantity of matter in an object

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3
Q

weight

A

the net FORCE acting upon on our mass.
(our weight here is bc gravity is stronger here on earth/is pulling us down to the center)

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4
Q

momentum

A

the product of an objects mass and velocity so MASS TIMES VELOCITY

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5
Q

velocity

A

the combination of SPEED AND DIRECTION of motion m/s this is where you have speed (Im going 50 m/s..)and you add in direction (..& im going west) ONLY M/S

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6
Q

acceleration

A

rate of CHNAGE IN VELOCITY (m/s^2) HERES ITS M/S^2 dont forget the “^2” verbally you say meter per second square.

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7
Q

force- YOURE GICVING DEFIITION FOR THIS

A

force causes a change in momentum, producing acceleration.

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8
Q

angular momentum

A

rotational momentum of a spinning or orbiting object. Momentum attributable to rotation or revolution (mass * velocity * radius) which is why a skater can spin faster by pulling his arms closer to hsi body

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9
Q

conversation of momentum

A

in the absence of a net force, the total momentum of a system remains constant

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10
Q

temperature

A

a measure of the AVERAGE kinetic energy of particles in a subtance. so ex. less particles (pot of water) boiling then lower temp

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11
Q

polarization

A

describes the direction in which a light wave is vibrating

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12
Q

phases of changes- each is vocab too-

A
  1. ionization-the process of stripping one or more electrons from an atom into plasma.
    2.Molecular dissociation-the breaking of molecules into atoms
    3.evaporation- breaking of flexible chemical bonds so going from liquid to solid
  2. melting- breaking of rigid chemical bonds, changing solid into liquid.
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13
Q

emission line spectrum

A

a thin or low density cloud of gas emits light only at specific wavelengths that depend on its composition and temperature, producing a spectrum with bright lines.

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14
Q

absorption lin spectrum

A

a cloud of gas between us and a lightbulb can absorb light of specific wavelengths, leaving dark lines in the spectrum

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15
Q

electromagnetic spectrum

A

higher/stronger energy/shorter waves start at gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet, infrared, then last are radio which are longer /lower energy waves.
*visible light and radio waves are the only that hit the surface

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16
Q

continuous spectrum

A

the spectrum of a common (incandescent) lightbulb spans all visible wavelengths, without interruption

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17
Q

electromagnetic wave

A

consists of waves of ELECTRIC and MAGNETIC fields (synonym for light)

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18
Q

wave

A

is a pattern of motion that can carry energy without carrying matter along with it

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19
Q

photon

A

an individual particle of light, characterized by a wavelength and frequency

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20
Q

angular resolution

A

the smallest angular separation that two points can have and still be seen as distinct points of light. The minimum angular separation that the telescope can distinguish

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21
Q

*interferometry

A

a telescopic technique in which two or more telescopes are used to produce a better angular resolution than the telescope can achieve indidvidually.

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22
Q

reflecting telescope

A

a telescope that uses MIRRORS to focus light like the ones astroners use

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23
Q

spectroscopy

A

the process of obtaining spectra or breaking light into spectra

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24
Q

diffraction limit-

A

the limit on the angular resolution is by the interference of light waves.

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25
Q

refracting telescope

A

a telescope that uses LENSES to focus light like our eyes

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26
Q

. study this spectrograph
bc dif than spectcop..

A

an instrument is used to record spectra that separate the different wavelengths of light before they hit detector.

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27
Q

imaging

A

the process of obtaining pictures of astronomical objects.

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28
Q

time monitoring

A

the measuring how light output varies with time

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29
Q

end of vocab on study guide.adaptive optics

A

a technique in which mirrors flex rapidly to compensate for the bending of starlight caused by atmospheric turbulence.

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30
Q

worth 15 points and is a writing one. 3 types of energy

A

kinetic( energy of motion). An example is writing or walking.
Radiative ( energy carried by light) an example is light of sun
Potential (stored) an example is a roller coaster or gas.

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31
Q

short answer: understanding orbits through gravity and energy

A

total orbital energy (gravitational +kinetic) stays constant if there is no external force. ORBITS CANNOT CHNAGE SPONTANEOUSLY THERE HAS TO BE A FORCE. Change in total energy is needed to change orbit. Add enough energy (escape velocity) and object can change orbit from bound to unbound. ex: she gave about a spacecraft hitting an asteroid to knock asteroid into another direction/davis tackling devon

32
Q

short answer:3 types of spectra

A

continuous
emission line
and absorption line spectrum.

33
Q

short answer:how does light tell us the temperature of planets and stars?

A

Nearly ass large or dense objects emit a continuous spectrum that depends on temperature. The spectrum of that thermal radiation tells us the objects temperature.

34
Q

short answer:how does light tell us the speed of a distant object?

A

the doppler effects tell us how fast an object is moving toward or away from us. The longer wavelenghts thn that means the object is moving AWAY. Hence, that’d be redshifted. Otherwise, they’re blueshifted (shorter wavelengths) if the object is moving TOWARD the observer.

35
Q

short answer:2 most important properties of a telescope

A

light collecting area- telescopes with a larger collecting area can gather a greater amount of light in a shorter time.
Angular resolution- telescopes that are larger are capable of taking images with grater detail.

36
Q

short answer:how does earth’s atmosphere affect ground-based observation?

A

telescope sites are chosen to minimize the problems of light pollution (better if theres no city lights and no clouds), atmospheric turbulence (the higher in surface you go, the less atmosphere interreference), and bad weather (windy days=wind turbulence can alter what you see).

37
Q

short answer:why do we put telescopes into space?

A

forms of light other than radio and visible do not pass through earth’s atmosphere. Also, much sharper images are possible because there is no turbulence.
also, the larger the telescope the clearer the picture might come out.If there is more than one telescope, then it helps astronomers see more objects/stars as the larger telescopes collect more lights. More light also means an increase likelihood of them seeing distant stars or ancient stars.

38
Q

short answer:how can multiple telescopes work together?

A

linking multiple telescopes using INTERFEROMETRY enables them to produce the angular resolution of a much larger telescope.

39
Q

short answer:how did newton change our view of the universe?

A

he discovered laws of motion and gravitation. He realized these same laws of physics were identical in the universe and on earth.

40
Q

writing ?:newtons 3 laws of motion

A
  1. law of inertia: object moves at constant velocity if no net force is acting or an object at rest remains at rest or object in motion stays in motion unless interrupted by net force
  2. Law of acceleration force=mass * acceleration!! (what to put on test and example to!: spinning ball in the air like a helicopter/ since object going around a curve has an accelerating point, pointing towards the inside of a curve being the center, thats why ball will go straight
  3. Law of interaction or equal and opposite (action and reaction) . for every force, there is an equal and opposite reaction force. ex. the exercise where you jump on box
41
Q

Galileo acceleration of gravity pt.1 FOR TEST YOU NEED TO PICK FROM THE MULTIPLE CHOICE THE M/S^2 not kilometers! you need to rememeber equation not really the other explanation.

A

he came through and said all objects are falling @ the same rate so g=9.8m/s^2. “g” is the same for all falling objects regardless of their mass.

42
Q

acceleration rate will always -delete if you dont need

A

be 9.8 meter/second^2

43
Q

pt.2 gravitational potential enrgy released as an object falls depends on

A

mass and the acceleration of gravity.

44
Q

multiple choice:pt.3 Conversation of energy. exam gives example of..

A

energy cannot be created or destroyed but only transformed/exchange from one type to another. exam gives exam of ball getting thrown up

45
Q

free fall-

A

weightless is due to a continued state of free-fall which is why astronauts are weightless in space or tower of doom where you stay in air a bit before falling.

46
Q

newton is credited for

A

being the person who realized the laws of gravity apply to objects both on earth and in space & theres only one universe.

47
Q

orbital speed

A

is at its maximum when closer to the sun

48
Q

the force due to gravity is

A

inversely proportional to the square of the distance between objects

49
Q

orbital shapes are possible under the force of gravity

A

ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas

50
Q

newtons distance between 2 objects/between center of objects but directly proportional to their masses

A

fg= G M1 M^2/d^2. D=
f=force
g=gravitational constant
m1 and m2- M = mass of two objects divided by the distance square

51
Q

gravitational constant (thats why it ends with G)

A

fg=G M1 M2/ d2.G=

52
Q

the highest tides occur..

A

during new moon phase

53
Q

the lowest tides occur

A

during 1st and 3rd quarter moon phases

54
Q

tidal friction

A

causes the moon to show nearly the same face to the earth

55
Q

average distance between two objects

A

p2= a3 . A=avg distance from sun in AU

56
Q

source of energy that powers the sun

A

mass energy released by nuclear fusion

57
Q

E=mc2, E represents

A

small amount of mass-or potential energy stored in an objects mass.
concentrated energy can spontaneously turn into particles.

58
Q

bound orbit

A

follows the same path around the sun over and over in same rate unless force comes and messes its position

59
Q

unbound orbit

A

approaches the sun just once and then never returns like ex.comet comes to solar system and messes it up a bit then we never see comet again

60
Q

orbital energy of an orbiting object

A

the sum of the objects kinetic energy and its gravitational potential energy as it moves through its orbit.

61
Q

molecule and molecular dissociation

A

molecules are groups of atoms bonded together and dissociation would be the bond breaking

62
Q

thermal radiation

A

radiation that depends only on the emitting objects temperature

63
Q

retina

A

place where light is brought into focus to form an image

64
Q

lens

A

focuses light into retina

65
Q

detector

A

bring light into focus to form an image

66
Q

spectral resolution

A

measure of how close two spectral lines can be and still be distinguiable

67
Q

light pollution

A

human made light that effects astronomical observations.

68
Q

adaptive optics

A

reduce the distorting effects of atmospheric turbulence for telescopes

69
Q

gravitational waves

A

a type of energy that has been detected from sources such as merging neutron stars and black holes

70
Q

thermal energy

A

is a measure of the TOTAL kinetic energy of all the particles in a substance. then depends on tempeture and density

71
Q

might be worded dif. but fs in exam. how does the force the earth extert on you comapare with the force you exert on the earth?

A

earth and you exert equal and opposite forces and each other

72
Q

fill in the blank. what is gravitational energy dependent on?

A

the mass, strength of gravity, and the height.
-the mass energy is sub type of potential energy.
-the concentrated energy can spontaneously change into particles

73
Q

direct ? from test: what kees a planet rotating and orbiting from the sun?

A

A: conservation of angular momentum

74
Q

direct ? on test? what does m stand for in the universal law of gravitational?

A

mass

75
Q

direct ?;why is a rose red?

A

because the rose reflects red light

76
Q

wavelength and frequency

A

wavelenght x frequency=speed of light which is constant

77
Q

what do astronoumers do w telescopes?

A

repition of imaging, spectroscopy, and time monitoring. i need to know sdefinition of each which is listed above.

ast (1 decks)

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